Area-level socioeconomic characteristics and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Association between area-level university education/income and MetS incidence (n = 1877)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI)
Area-level education
Percent uni. education or more (per 1% increase)	0.98 (0.97-0.99)^a	0.98 (0.96-0.99) ^a	0.98 (0.96-0.99) ^a	0.98 (0.96-0.99) ^a
Annual household income
<20,000 AUD	-	Ref	Ref
20,000-60,000 AUD	-	1.04 (0.86-1.26)	1.00 (0.82-1.21)	1.00 (0.82-1.21)
>60,000 AUD	-	0.77 (0.55-1.08)	0.76 (0.54-1.08)	0.76 (0.54-1.07)
Individual education
Bachelor degree (No)	-	Ref	Ref
Bachelor degree (Yes)	-	1.28 (0.91-1.80)	1.23 (0.86-1.77)	1.24 (0.87-1.78)
Area-level income
Median household weekly income (per 1 sd increase)	0.97 (0.88-1.07)	0.89 (0.75-1.07)	0.88 (0.74-1.05)	0.93 (0.78 -1.10)
Annual household income
<20,000 AUD	-	Ref	Ref
20,000-40,000 AUD	-	1.08 (0.88-1.32)	1.03 (0.85-1.26)	1.03 (0.84-1.25)
>60,000 AUD	-	0.69 (0.49-0.98) ^a	0.68 (0.48-0.97) ^a	0.69 (0.49-0.98) ^a
Area-level income x Middle	-	1.04 (0.84-1.28)	1.04 (0.84-1.28)^a	1.02 (0.83-1.25)
Area-level x High	-	1.46 (1.11-1.91) ^b	1.47 (1.12-1.92) ^b	1.42 (1.01-1.85) ^b
Individual education
Bachelor degree (No)	-	Ref	Ref	Ref
Bachelor degree (Yes)	-	1.20 (0.86-1.66)	1.15 (0.81-1.64)	1.21 (0.85-1.74)

^a p < 0.05; ^b p < 0.01.
Model 1: Adjusted for age and gender.
Model 2: Adjusted for age and gender, and individual SEP.
Model 3: Adjusted for all variables in model 2 plus physical activity, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption.
Model 4: Adjusted for all variables in model 2 plus area-level income (for area-level education) or area-level education (for area-level income).