Table 4 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between calcium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in men and women
From: Serum calcium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study
| Men (N = 260,469) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oesophageal cancer | Stomach cancer | Colon cancer | Rectal cancer | Colorectal cancer | ||||||
| n | HR (95% CI) | n | HR (95% CI) | n | HR (95% CI) | n | HR (95% CI) | n | HR (95% CI) | |
| Calcium (SD: 0.10 mmol/L) | 1.13 (0.98-1.30) | 0.94 (0.85-1.04) | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) | 1.03 (0.96-1.11) | 1.02 (0.98-1.07) | |||||
| Quartiles of calcium | ||||||||||
| < 2.33 | 62 | 1.00 (Ref) | 143 | 1.00 (Ref) | 389 | 1.00 (Ref) | 223 | 1.00 (Ref) | 612 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 2.33-2.39 | 62 | 0.89 (0.62-1.27) | 171 | 1.13 (0.90-1.41) | 407 | 0.96 (0.84-1.11) | 282 | 1.10 (0.92-1.32) | 689 | 1.01 (0.91-1.13) |
| 2.39-2.45 | 57 | 1.00 (0.68-1.45) | 99 | 0.84 (0.64-1.09) | 352 | 1.05 (0.90-1.22) | 236 | 1.12 (0.92-1.35) | 588 | 1.07 (0.96-1.21) |
| ≥ 2.45 | 56 | 1.25 (0.84-1.86) | 88 | 0.99 (0.74-1.31) | 246 | 0.96 (0.81-1.15) | 185 | 1.10 (0.89-1.36) | 431 | 1.02 (0.89-1.16) |
| P-value for trend | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.97 | 0.36 | 0.55 | |||||
| Calcium according to age-specific cut-offs | ||||||||||
| Low | 1 | 0.56 (0.08-4.00) | 4 | 0.92 (0.34-2.48) | 7 | 0.62 (0.29-1.30) | 9 | 1.47 (0.78-2.86) | 16 | 1.01 (0.97-1.06) |
| Normal | 232 | 1.00 (Ref) | 487 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1360 | 1.00 (Ref) | 895 | 1.00 (Ref) | 2255 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| High | 4 | 1.03 (0.38-2.78) | 10 | 1.27 (0.67-2.38) | 27 | 1.21 (0.83-1.78) | 22 | 1.36 (0.89-2.09) | 49 | 0.92 (0.56-1.51) |
| Albumin-corrected calcium 1 | ||||||||||
| (SD: 0.09 mmol/L) | 1.14 (1.00-1.29) | 0.98 (0.89-1.07) | 1.04 (0.98-1.10) | 1.03 (0.97-1.11) | 1.04 (0.99-1.08) | |||||
| Quartiles of albumin-corrected calcium 1 | ||||||||||
| < 2.27 | 50 | 1.00 (Ref) | 110 | 1.00 (Ref) | 258 | 1.00 (Ref) | 187 | 1.00 (Ref) | 445 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 2.27-2.33 | 40 | 0.75 (0.49-1.13) | 106 | 0.89 (0.68-1.16) | 316 | 1.12 (0.95-1.32) | 204 | 1.01 (0.83-1.23) | 520 | 1.08 (0.95-1.22) |
| 2.33-2.38 | 64 | 0.97 (0.67-1.40) | 134 | 0.91 (0.71-1.17) | 378 | 1.09 (0.93-1.28) | 260 | 1.05 (0.87-1.26) | 638 | 1.07 (0.95-1.21) |
| ≥ 2.38 | 83 | 1.16 (0.82-1.65) | 151 | 0.93 (0.73-1.19) | 442 | 1.17 (1.00-1.36) | 275 | 1.02 (0.85-1.23) | 727 | 1.11 (0.98-1.25) |
| P-value for trend | 0.17 | 0.68 | 0.08 | 0.76 | 0.12 | |||||
| Women (N = 231,575) | ||||||||||
| Calcium (SD: 0.10 mmol/L) | 1.25 (1.04-1.51) | 1.07 (0.95-1.20) | 1.07 (1.00-1.14) | 1.04 (0.96-1.13) | 1.06 (1.01-1.11) | |||||
| Quartiles of calcium | ||||||||||
| < 2.32 | 21 | 1.00 (Ref) | 58 | 1.00 (Ref) | 211 | 1.00 (Ref) | 113 | 1.00 (Ref) | 324 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 2.32-2.38 | 23 | 0.98 (0.54-1.79) | 77 | 1.12 (0.79-1.58) | 302 | 1.17 (0.98-1.40) | 147 | 1.04 (0.82-1.34) | 449 | 1.13 (0.98-1.30) |
| 2.38-2.44 | 18 | 0.80 (0.42-1.55) | 66 | 0.98 (0.68-1.41) | 300 | 1.17 (0.97-1.40) | 160 | 1.12 (0.88-1.44) | 460 | 1.15 (0.99-1.33) |
| ≥ 2.44 | 33 | 1.30 (0.71-2.38) | 100 | 1.25 (0.88-1.77) | 370 | 1.18 (0.99-1.42) | 178 | 1.01 (0.78-1.30) | 548 | 1.12 (0.97-1.30) |
| P-value for trend | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.90 | 0.19 | |||||
| Calcium according to age-specific cut-offs | ||||||||||
| Low | 1 | 0.70 (0.10-5.16) | 5 | 1.44 (0.59-3.53) | 10 | 0.76 (0.41-1.43) | 4 | 0.66 (0.25-1.78) | 14 | 0.73 (0.43-1.24) |
| Normal | 88 | 1.00 (Ref) | 291 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1148 | 1.00 (Ref) | 582 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1730 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| High | 6 | 4.82 (2.07-11.19) | 5 | 1.02 (0.42-2.48) | 25 | 1.30 (0.87-1.94) | 12 | 1.19 (0.67-2.11) | 37 | 1.26 (0.91-1.75) |
| Albumin-corrected calcium 1 | ||||||||||
| (SD: 0.09 mmol/L) | 1.26 (1.06-1.50) | 1.08 (0.97-1.20) | 1.07 (1.02-1.13) | 1.04 (0.96-1.12) | 1.06 (1.02-1.11) | |||||
| Quartiles of albumin-corrected calcium 1 | ||||||||||
| < 2.27 | 9 | 1.00 (Ref) | 36 | 1.00 (Ref) | 134 | 1.00 (Ref) | 75 | 1.00 (Ref) | 209 | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 2.27-2.32 | 20 | 1.46 (0.67-3.22) | 67 | 1.20 (0.80-1.80) | 250 | 1.17 (0.95-1.45) | 133 | 1.15 (0.86-1.52) | 383 | 1.16 (0.98-1.38) |
| 2.32-2.38 | 23 | 1.45 (0.66-3.15) | 66 | 1.00 (0.66-1.51) | 302 | 1.19 (0.97-1.47) | 159 | 1.18 (0.89-1.55) | 461 | 1.19 (1.01-1.40) |
| ≥ 2.38 | 43 | 1.87 (0.89-3.91) | 132 | 1.34 (0.92-1.96) | 497 | 1.32 (1.08-1.60) | 231 | 1.17 (0.89-1.53) | 728 | 1.26 (1.08-1.48) |
| P-value for trend | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.007 | 0.34 | 0.006 | |||||