Table 3 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between calcium (age-specific and albumin-corrected) and risk of gastrointestinal cancer
From: Serum calcium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study
Oesophageal cancer | Stomach cancer | Colon cancer | Rectal cancer | Colorectal cancer | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)1 | n | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)1 | n | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)1 | n | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)1 | n | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)1 | |
Calcium (SD: 0.10 mmol/L) | 1.07 (0.96-1.18) | 1.16 (1.04-1.30) | 0.91 (0.85-0.97) | 0.98 (0.91-1.06) | 0.97 (0.94-1.01) | 1.04 (0.99-1.08) | 1.00 (0.95-1.05) | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | 0.98 (0.95-1.01) | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | |||||
Quartiles of calcium | |||||||||||||||
< 2.32 | 71 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 187 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 575 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 314 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 989 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
2.32-2.38 | 76 | 0.91 (0.67-1.24) | 0.97 (0.71-1.32) | 218 | 0.96 (0.80-1.16) | 1.03 (0.85-1.25) | 622 | 0.92 (0.82-1.02) | 0.96 (0.86-1.07) | 379 | 1.13 (0.98-1.31) | 1.14 (0.99-1.32) | 1001 | 0.99 (0.91-1.08) | 1.03 (0.94-1.12) |
2.38-2.45 | 76 | 0.86 (0.63-1.19) | 0.96 (0.69-1.34) | 171 | 0.78 (0.64-0.96) | 0.88 (0.72-1.09) | 665 | 0.94 (0.84-1.05) | 1.02 (0.91-1.15) | 415 | 1.10 (0.95-1.27) | 1.12 (0.97-1.31) | 1080 | 0.99 (0.91-1.08) | 1.06 (0.97-1.16) |
≥ 2.45 | 100 | 1.08 (0.81-1.44) | 1.31 (0.96-1.80) | 206 | 0.86 (0.72-1.04) | 1.06 (0.86-1.29) | 657 | 0.88 (0.79-0.98) | 1.01 (0.90-1.14) | 387 | 0.99 (0.86-1.13) | 1.04 (0.89-1.21) | 1044 | 0.92 (0.84-1.00) | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) |
P-value for trend | 0.61 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.95 | 0.03 | 0.56 | 0.08 | 0.71 | 0.05 | 0.51 | |||||
Calcium according to age-specific cut-offs | |||||||||||||||
Low | 2 | 0.77 (0.19-2.08) | 0.64 (0.16-2.58) | 9 | 1.34 (0.70-2.59) | 1.09 (0.56-2.12) | 17 | 0.81 (0.50-1.31) | 0.69 (0.43-1.12) | 13 | 1.08 (0.62-1.86) | 1.06 (0.61-1.84) | 30 | 0.91 (0.63-1.30) | 0.82 (0.57-1.17) |
Normal | 311 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 758 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 2453 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1449 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 3902 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
High | 10 | 1.73 (0.92-3.24) | 1.95 (1.03-3.69) | 15 | 1.04 (0.62-1.73) | 1.19 (0.71-1.99) | 49 | 1.12 (0.85-1.48) | 1.25 (0.95-1.65) | 33 | 1.27 (0.90-1.78) | 1.30 (0.92-1.84) | 82 | 1.18 (0.95-1.46) | 1.27 (1.03-1.58) |
Albumin-corrected calcium 2 | |||||||||||||||
(SD: 0.09 mmol/L) | 1.14 (1.03-1.26) | 1.17 (1.05-1.30) | 0.98 (0.92-1.05) | 1.00 (0.94-1.08) | 1.03 (0.99-1.07) | 1.05 (1.01-1.09) | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | 1.03 (0.98-1.08) | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | |||||
Quartiles of albumin-corrected calcium 2 | |||||||||||||||
< 2.27 | 59 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 149 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 404 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 272 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 676 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
2.27-2.33 | 76 | 0.88 (0.61-1.25) | 0.86 (0.61-1.25) | 198 | 0.96 (0.77-1.19) | 0.96 (0.77-1.20) | 640 | 1.12 (0.99-1.27) | 1.13 (0.99-1.28) | 385 | 1.03 (0.88-1.21) | 1.04 (0.88-1.22) | 1025 | 1.09 (0.98-1.20) | 1.09 (0.99-1.21) |
2.33-2.39 | 78 | 1.03 (0.74-1.44) | 1.04 (0.75-1.44) | 186 | 0.89 (0.72-1.11) | 0.91 (0.73-1.12) | 668 | 1.09 (0.97-1.24) | 1.10 (0.98-1.25) | 398 | 1.05 (0.90-1.21) | 1.06 (0.91-1.24) | 1066 | 1.08 (0.98-1.19) | 1.09 (0.99-1.20) |
≥ 2.39 | 110 | 1.20 (0.88-1.63) | 1.26 (0.92-1.72) | 249 | 0.97 (0.79-1.18) | 1.02 (0.83-1.24) | 807 | 1.16 (1.03-1.30) | 1.19 (1.06-1.34) | 440 | 0.99 (0.86-1.15) | 1.04 (0.90-1.21) | 1247 | 1.09 (1.00-1.20) | 1.13 (1.03-1.24) |
P-value for trend | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.03 | 0.007 | 0.99 | 0.61 | 0.12 | 0.02 | |||||