Table 3 Quality assessment of the included studies
| Â | Selection bias | Allocation bias | Confounders | Data collection methods | Withdrawals and dropouts | Comment on the analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kohen, Brooks-Gun, Leventhal, & Hertzman, 2002 | S | M | S | S | NA | -No power calculation |
-Results unambiguously reported | ||||||
-Handling of missing data not reported | ||||||
-Inappropriate statistical methods: multilevel model is required to answer research question | ||||||
-Risk of clustering of children within the same families | ||||||
Xue, Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn et al., 2005 | M | M | S | S | NA | -ICC calculated |
-No power calculation | ||||||
-Results are unambiguously reported | ||||||
-Appropriate handling of missing data | ||||||
-Appropriate statistical methods with remarks: | ||||||
-Analysis of level 1 and 2 variances reported | ||||||
Caughy & O’Campo, 2006 | M | M | M | S | NA | -ICC calculated |
-No power calculation | ||||||
-Results unambiguously reported | ||||||
-Appropriate statistical methods with remarks | ||||||
-No level 1 predicators entered in the model | ||||||
-Analysis of level 2 variance not reported | ||||||
-Small N | ||||||
-Handling of missing data not reported | ||||||
Drukker, Kaplan, Schneiders, Feron, & van Os, 2006 | M | M | S | S | M | -ICC calculated |
-No power calculation | ||||||
-Results are partially unambiguously reported | ||||||
-Appropriate statistical methods with remarks | ||||||
-Possible selective drop-out | ||||||
-Analysis of level 1 and level 2 variance not reported | ||||||
-Small N | ||||||
-Handling of missing data not reported | ||||||
Kohen, Leventhal, Dahinten, & McIntosh, 2008 | S | M | S | S | NA | -No power calculation |
-Results are unambiguously reported | ||||||
-Appropriate statistical methods with remarks | ||||||
-Multilevel SEM would be more suited | ||||||
-Not possible to assess level 1 and level 2 variance, calculate changes in r2, etc. | ||||||
-Appropriate handling of missing data | ||||||
Caughy, Nettles & O'Campo, 2008 | W | M | S | W | NA | -ICC not calculated |
-No power calculation | ||||||
-Results are unambiguously reported Appropriate statistical methods with remarks: | ||||||
-Small N | ||||||
-No analysis of level 1 and 2 variances reported | ||||||
Karriker-Jaffe, Foshee, Ennett, & Suchindran, 2009 | M | M | S | S | W | -ICC calculated |
-No power calculation | ||||||
-Results are unambiguously reported | ||||||
-Appropriate statistical methods with remarks | ||||||
-No analysis of level 1/level 2 variance | ||||||
-Appropriate handling of missing data | ||||||
Odgers et al., 2009 | M | M | S | S | NA | -No power calculation |
-Results are unambiguously reported | ||||||
-Appropriate handling of missing data | ||||||
-Appropriate statistical methods |