<80 years (n = 2211) | ≥80 years (n = 1001) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Grip strength* (Newton) | Balance score (0–60 sec) | Chair stands (/minute) | Walking speed (m/s) | n | Grip strength† (Newton) | Balance score (0–60 sec) | Chair stands (/minute) | Walking speed (m/s) | |
Gender | ||||||||||
Men | 904 | 365 (313–418) | 36 (16–49) | 26 (19–33) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 260 | 271 (226–320) | 1 (0–6) | 7 (0–15) | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) |
Women | 1307 | 202 (163–236) | 36 (13–49) | 23 (17–29) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 741 | 149 (124–171) | 1 (0–4) | 7 (0–12) | 0.4 (0.3-0.8) |
Education | ||||||||||
Elementary school | 239 | 221 (180–335) | 30 (10–49) | 21 (15–29) | 1.1 (0.7-1.4) | 314 | 162 (128–201) | 1 (0–4) | 6 (0–11) | 0.4 (0.3-0.7) |
High school | 1059 | 231 (183–327) | 34 (13–49) | 23 (17–29) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 526 | 160 (132–190) | 1 (0–4) | 6 (0–13) | 0.6 (0.3-0.8) |
University | 913 | 263 (204–358) | 37 (20–49) | 27 (20–33) | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) | 161 | 201 (150–262) | 1 (0–5) | 9 (0–18) | 0.7 (0.4-0.8) |
Occupational class | ||||||||||
Manual workers | 395 | 232 (186–325) | 34 (14–49) | 22 (14–27) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 373 | 159 (129–191) | 1 (0–4) | 7 (0–10) | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
Non-manual workers | 1816 | 247 (191–344) | 36 (16–49) | 24 (18–30) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 628 | 167 (136–224) | 1 (0–4) | 7 (0–13) | 0.6 (0.3-0.8) |
Chronic diseases | ||||||||||
0-1 diseases | 1272 | 251 (200–348) | 39 (18–49) | 26 (20–33) | 1.3 (1.0-1.4) | 284 | 169 (138–223) | 1 (0–7) | 10 (0–17) | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) |
2+ diseases | 935 | 234 (179–330) | 31 (11–49) | 22 (15–28) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 712 | 162 (131–200) | 1 (0–4) | 6 (0–11) | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
Physical exercise | ||||||||||
Inactive | 490 | 237 (181–331) | 27 (10–49) | 20 (8–26) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 554 | 161 (129–196) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–5) | 0.4 (0.2-0.6) |
Health-enhancing | 1129 | 237 (189–331) | 38 (16–49) | 24 (18–30) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 381 | 168 (137–216) | 4 (0–7) | 16 (0–14) | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) |
Fitness-enhancing | 592 | 260 (200–366) | 38 (21–49) | 27 (21–34) | 1.3 (1.0-1.4) | 66 | 178 (142–247) | 5 (0–10) | 20 (0–14) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
<20 | 76 | 222 (199–278) | 37 (11–49) | 21 (3–29) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 118 | 156 (135–193) | 1 (0–3) | 7 (0–12) | 0.4 (0.3-0.7) |
20-24.99 | 843 | 233 (188–317) | 37 (17–49) | 25 (20–33) | 1.3 (1.0-1.4) | 374 | 169 (133–212) | 1 (0–6) | 7 (0–20) | 0.7 (0.4-0.9) |
25-29.99 | 940 | 259 (194–368) | 37 (15–49) | 24 (18–29) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 246 | 170 (134–224) | 1 (0–7) | 9 (0–18) | 0.7 (0.4-0.9) |
≥30 | 321 | 245 (182–340) | 28 (11–49) | 22 (16–27) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 68 | 159 (136–199) | 1 (0–4) | 8 (0–17) | 0.7 (0.5-0.8) |
Smoking | ||||||||||
Never | 912 | 230 (183–319) | 36 (16–49) | 24 (19–30) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 590 | 157 (129–186) | 1 (0–4) | 7 (0–13) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) |
Former | 909 | 263 (200–360) | 36 (16–49) | 24 (18–30) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 315 | 180 (147–262) | 1 (0–4) | 7 (0–15) | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) |
Current | 377 | 240 (196–338) | 36 (16–49) | 22 (17–28) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 76 | 175 (137–237) | 1 (0–5) | 7 (0–13) | 0.6 (0.4-0.8) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
No or occasional | 565 | 221 (172–293) | 30 (11–49) | 21 (14–27) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 600 | 161 (130–188) | 1 (0–3) | 4 (0–12) | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
Light to moderate | 1217 | 272 (201–368) | 37 (18–49) | 25 (20–33) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 299 | 184 (139–272) | 1 (0–7) | 12 (0–17) | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) |
Heavy | 419 | 225 (185–284) | 37 (15–49) | 24 (18–29) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 82 | 160 (133–191) | 1 (0–6) | 12 (0–18) | 0.7 (0.5-0.8) |