From: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a high-risk Chinese population
 | With DR (n = 31) | Without DR (n = 177) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.84 ± 7.90 | 69.06 ± 8.57 | 0.636 |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.472 |
Male | 11 (35.5%) | 75 (42.4%) | Â |
Female | 20 (64.5%) | 102 (57.6%) | Â |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.31 ± 3.06 | 26.49 ± 3.14 | 0.181 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 90.10 ± 7.03 | 89.66 ± 7.92 | 0.774 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 100.74 ± 6.21 | 99.42 ± 6.55 | 0.296 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.54 ± 1.38 | 5.59 ± 0.59 | 0.010 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 6.97 ± 2.34 | 5.70 ± 0.94 | 0.005 |
2hPG (mmol/L) | 13.71 ± 5.24 | 8.95 ± 3.36 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 139.23 ± 17.24 | 139.88 ± 19.58 | 0.861 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80.39 ± 10.42 | 80.38 ± 10.56 | 0.997 |
Hypertension | 26(83.9%) | 137(77.4%) | 0.420 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.62 ± 1.17 | 5.23 ± 1.47 | 0.165 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.52 ± 2.45 | 2.23 ± 1.66 | 0.408 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.32 | 1.40 ± 0.33 | 0.545 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.57 ± 0.83 | 3.47 ± 1.00 | 0.580 |
Urine albumin (mg/L) | 13.9 (11.2-30.3) | 11.5 (11.2-15.8) | 0.022 |
Microalbuminuria | 10(32.3%) | 16(9.0%) | <0.001 |
Family history of diabetes mellitus | 2(6.5%) | 9(5.1%) | 0.670 |
History of impaired glucose regulation | 8(25.8%) | 9(5.1%) | 0.001 |
History of antihypertensive drug treatment | 18(58.1%) | 98(55.4%) | 0.780 |
Physical activity (≥ 4 hours per week) | 17(54.8%) | 100(56.5%) | 0.864 |
Daily consumption of fruits or vegetables | 25(80.6%) | 129(72.9%) | 0.363 |
The FINDRISC score | 12.06 ± 2.56 | 11.08 ± 2.14 | 0.023 |