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Table 4 Results from the logistic regression analysis identifying associations between parenting practices and the odds of sexual risk-taking for MALES (n = 220)

From: Effects of parenting practices on sexual risk-taking among young people in Cameroon

Variable

 

Odds ratio (95% Confidence Intervals)

 

Sexually active (n = 220)

Multiple partnerships (n = 220)

Consistent use of contraceptive©(n = 192)

Occasional concurrent sexual partners (n = 220)

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Parenting dimensions (assessment at the time of the survey)

        

Quality of parent/child relationships

0.67

0.67

0.63**

0.64**

0.65

0.66

0.79

0.81

 

(0.31-1.43)

(0.32-1.39)

(0.40-0.98)

(0.41-0.99)

(0.39-1.08)

(0.39-1.09)

(0.52-1.19)

(0.53-1.21)

Knowledge of out-of-home activities

0.77*

0.78*

1.12

1.08

1.01

1.01

1.04

1.02

 

(0.57-1.04)

(0.58-1.05)

(0.91-1.39)

(0.86-1.36)

(0.78-1.30)

(0.78-1.29)

(0.84-1.27)

(0.82-1.25)

Approval of out-of-home activities

0.81

0.81

0.98

0.98

0.99

1.01

1.12

1.12

 

(0.55-1.19)

(0.56-1.19)

(0.77-1.22)

(0.78-1.23)

(0.77-1.28)

(0.77-1.28)

(0.89-1.41)

(0.89-1.41)

Parent–child communication on sexual issues

1.33

1.33

1.25*

1.27*

0.88

0.88

1.24*

1.25*

 

(0.83-2.11)

(0.83-2.12)

(0.96-1.62)

(0.97-1.64)

(0.67-1.15)

(0.67-1.15)

(0.96-1.60)

(0.97-1.61)

Parenting dimensions during early adolescence (assessment at age 12)

        

Quality of parent/child relationships

1.24

1.24

0.99

1.00

0.84

0.84

1.09

1.10

 

(0.64-2.38)

(0.64-2.37)

(0.60-1.63)

(0.61-1.65)

(0.51-1.37)

(0.51-1.37)

(0.69-1.72)

(0.69-1.74)

Knowledge of out-of-home activities

1.18

1.19

0.91

0.92

0.93

0.94

0.83

0.84

 

(0.82-1.70)

(0.82-1.70)

(0.71-1.16)

(0.72-1.17)

(0.71-1.22)

(0.72-1.23)

(0.66-1.04)

(0.67-1.05)

Approval of out-of-home activities

1.17

1.17

0.96

0.96

1.12

1.13

0.92

0.92

 

(0.79-1.72)

(0.79-1.72)

(0.74-1.24)

(0.74-1.24)

(0.84-1.48)

(0.84-1.50)

(0.72-1.18)

(0.71-1.19)

Parent–child communication on sexual issues

1.46

1.46

1.01

0.99

0.93

0.93

0.95

0.95

 

(0.59-3.64)

(0.58-3.66)

(0.67-1.51)

(0.65-1.51)

(0.63-1.36)

(0.63-1.36)

(0.67-1.36)

(0.66-1.35)

Early sexual debut (sexual initiation by age 15)

 

0.93

 

1.72

 

1.13

 

1.36

  

(0.41-2.13)

 

(0.88-3.37)

 

(0.54-2.33)

 

(0.74-2.49)

Family structure‡ (ref: Both biological parents)

        

Biological mother only

1.67

1.68

1.93

1.96

0.62

0.61

1.21

1.22

 

(0.29-9.37)

(0.29-9.54)

(0.71-5.26)

(0.68-5.61)

(0.18-2.00)

(0.18-1.99)

(0.46-3.18)

(0.45-3.24)

Biological father only

2.12

2.12

3.21*

3.27 *

1.14

1.12

3.26*

3.26*

 

(0.30-4.75)

(0.29-5.07)

(0.77-3.24)

(0.82-2.99)

(0.27-4.74)

(0.27-4.64)

(0.87-2.20)

(0.88-2.08)

Other relatives or unrelated coresidents

3.78*

3.78*

0.69

0.62

1.77

1.74

1.03

0.98

 

(0.76-7.90)

(0.80-7.75)

(0.27-1.74)

(0.23-1.67)

(0.62-5.08)

(0.60-5.06)

(0.44-2.37)

(0.42-2.31)

Uncorrelated residents

0.71

0.71

2.56*

2.40*

0.62

0.60

1.62

1.55

 

(0.14-3.67)

(0.13-3.73)

(0.99-6.61)

(0.92-6.24)

(0.18-1.81)

(0.20-1.80)

(0.65-4.04)

(0.62-3.89)

Parent/guardian socioeconomic characteristics‡

        

Parent/guardian has a primary education (ref: No)

0.72

0.72

0.38*

0.34**

0.86

0.84

0.75

0.72

 

(0.13-3.77)

(0.13-3.90)

(0.13-1.05)

(0.12-0.97)

(0.23-3.09)

(0.23-3.03)

(0.28-1.98)

(0.27-1.88)

Parent/guardian has a paid job (ref: No)

0.85

0.85

1.29

1.37

1.16

1.17

1.34

1.37

 

(0.31-2.34)

(0.31-2.35)

(0.56-2.97)

(0.59-3.19)

(0.48-2.83)

(0.48-2.85)

(0.64-2.80)

(0.66-2.86)

Parent/guardian is married (ref: No)

1.42

1.41

1.50

1.52

0.54

0.54

0.83

0.83

 

(0.31-6.47)

(0.31-6.48)

(0.50-4.41)

(0.51-4.49)

(0.15-1.88)

(0.15-1.87)

(0.31-2.18)

(0.31-2.15)

Respondent’ age (ref: 15–19)

0.96

0.95

2.02**

2.21**

0.82

0.83

1.62

1.71*

 

(0.41-2.29)

(0.40-2.26)

(1.06-3.83)

(1.13-4.29)

(0.40-1.67)

(0.40-1.71)

(0.88-2.97)

(0.92-3.16)

Currently attending school (ref: No)

0.33**

0.32**

0.60

0.63

0.65

0.66

0.57*

0.59*

 

(0.11-0.98)

(0.10-1.00)

(0.28-1.29)

(0.29-1.36)

(0.28-1.47)

(0.39-1.09)

(0.28-1.11)

(0.30-1.16)

Religious affiliation (ref: Christian)

0.68

0.69

1.20

1.17

0.97

0.97

1.26

1.23

 

(0.15-3.13)

(0.15-3.11)

(0.45-3.21)

(0.44-3.10)

(0.38-2.47)

(0.38-2.43)

(0.55-2.88)

(0.53-2.82)

  1. Notes: ‡ At the time of the survey ©Among those who had at least one sexual partner.
  2. All scales are scored such that a higher value indicates higher level of the construct.
  3. Model 1: Parenting variables + controls for family structure, parent/guardian socioeconomic characteristics, age, schooling status and religious affiliation;
  4. Model 2: Parenting variables + controls for early sexual debut, family structure, parent/guardian socioeconomic characteristics, age, schooling status and religious affiliation.
  5. Level of significance: * p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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