Skip to main content

Table 2 Adjusted associations of using a condom at last sex for men and women by sub-Saharan African Region

From: Event-level association between alcohol use and unprotected sex during last sex: evidence from population-based surveys in sub-Saharan Africa

Ā 

East Africa

Southern Africa

Ā 

(Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania)

(Lesothoā€”, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe)

Ā 

Men

Women

Men

Women

Ā 

nā€‰=ā€‰12,772

nā€‰=ā€‰16,032

nā€‰=ā€‰11,740

nā€‰=ā€‰12,197

Ā 

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Age, per year

0.97 (0.96-0.98)

0.96 (0.95-0.97)

0.98 (0.98-0.99)

0.99 (0.98-0.99)

Marital status

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰Married/cohabitating vs. unmarried (ref)

0.36 (0.30-0.43)

0.37 (0.29-0.46)

0.28 (0.24-0.32)

0.41 (0.32-0.53)

Education (ref: No schooling)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰High school or >

2.25 (1.74-2.91)

2.63 (2.06-3.37)

1.92 (1.56-2.37)

2.04 (1.58-2.65)

ā€ƒā€‰Primary

1.33 (1.05-1.69)

1.53 (1.24-1.89)

1.29 (1.05-1.58)

1.44 (1.12-1.87)

Residence

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰Urban vs. rural (ref)

1.37 (1.18-1.59)

1.36 (1.16-1.61)

1.09 (0.96-1.23)

1.04 (0.90-1.20)

Wealth index

1.20 (1.14-1.27)

1.17 (1.10-1.24)

1.18 (1.13-1.24)

1.25 (1.18-1.32)

Country

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰Kenya (East) / Lesothoā€” (South)

1.92 (1.62-2.27)

0.99 (0.81-1.22)

2.23 (1.96-2.55)

-

ā€ƒā€‰Tanzania (East) / Swaziland (South)

1.61 (1.38-1.88)

1.46 (1.24-1.72)

2.00 (1.75-2.25)

2.27 (1.99-2.61)

ā€ƒā€‰Rwanda (East) / Zimbabwe (South)

0.80 (0.63-1.01)ā€ 

0.61 (0.47-0.80)

1.06 (0.94-1.20)

0.56 (0.48-0.66)

ā€ƒā€‰Mozambique (East) (ref) / Zambia (South) (ref)

-

-

-

-

Knows condoms prevent HIV

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰Yes vs. no (ref)

1.84 (1.56-2.18)

1.71 (1.43-2.05)

1.44 (1.26-1.65)

1.48 (1.25-1.76)

Sex with non-spousal, non-cohabitating partner(s) in prior year

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰Yes vs. no (ref)

4.95 (4.15-5.91)

4.01 (3.16-5.09)

1.89 (1.63-2.17)

2.63 (2.03-3.40)

Male partner or both were drunk during last sex

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰Yes vs. no (ref)

0.76 (0.48-1.19)

0.83 (0.51-1.36)

0.84 (0.72-0.99)

0.78 (.59-1.02)ā€ 

Partner type

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰Casual vs. steady (ref)

1.16 (0.96-1.40)

1.13 (0.79-1.63)

1.00 (0.80-1.26)

1.22 (0.74-2.01)

HIV test results

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰HIV positive vs. HIV negative (ref)

2.43 (1.97-3.01)

2.08 (1.74-2.48)

1.53 (1.36-1.72)

1.67 (1.48-1.88)

Interaction

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Drunk x partner type

1.74 (1.01-3.00)

1.79 (0.67-4.75)

1.57 (0.95-2.54)ā€ 

0.97 (0.26-3.61)

  1. Note: AOR adjusted odds ratio; bold text denotes statistically significant findings at pā€‰<ā€‰.05, ā€  pā€‰<ā€‰.10. Estimates are adjusted for all variables and interactions listed in this table. Country comparisons are within each region. ā€” For the female sample there were only 3 countries for comparison within Southern Africa since the Lesotho female data set did not contain data regarding alcohol consumption during last sex.