Table 3 Association between socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and a positive cervical screening test among HIV-infected women
From: Cervical cancer risk factors among HIV-infected Nigerian women
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95%CI) | p-value | RR (95%CI) | p-value | |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age category (years) | <0.0001* | 0.0005* | ||
| <30 (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 30–34 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | (0.6–1.3) | ||
| 35–39 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | (0.5–1.1) | ||
| ≥40 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | ||
| Age at first sexual intercourse (years) | 0.06* | 0.05* | ||
| <15 (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 15–19 | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | ||
| 20–24 | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | ||
| ≥25 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | ||
| Number of sexual partners | 0.2* | |||
| ≤2 (ref) | 1.0 | |||
| 3–4 | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | |||
| ≥5 | 2.1 (0.7–6.1) | |||
| Total number of pregnancies | 0.03* | 0.1* | ||
| 0–2 (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 3–4 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | ||
| 5–6 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | ||
| ≥7 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | ||
| Total number of abortions | 0.06* | 0.007* | ||
| 0–2 (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 3–4 | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | ||
| ≥5 | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 1.8 (1.0–3.6) | ||
| Religion | 0.04 | 0.09 | ||
| Islam (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Christian | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | ||
| Education | 0.5 | |||
| None (ref) | 1.0 | |||
| Quaranic | 0.8 (0.1–6.3) | |||
| Primary | (0.5–2.7) | |||
| Secondary | (0.7–3.4) | |||
| Tertiary | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | |||
| Marital Status | 0.08 | 1.0 | ||
| Single (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Married | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | (0.6–1.2) | ||
| Widowed | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | (0.6–1.6) | ||
| Divorced | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | (0.6–1.9) | ||
| Cohabiting | 0.6 (0.1–4.1) | 0.6 (0.1–4.1) | ||
| Occupation | 0.6 | |||
| Employed (ref) | 1.0 | |||
| Unemployed | (1.4–4.2) | |||
| Student | (0.4–5.5) | |||
| Other | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | |||
| N/A | 1.4 (0.4–5.3) | |||
| Contraceptive use | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 | ||
| Hormonal contraceptives | 0.6 (0.1–3.8) | 0.5 | ||
| Intrauterine devices | 1.5 (0.5–4.5) | 0.5 | ||
| Barrier contraceptives | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.4 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.8 | |||
| <18.5 (ref) | 1.0 | |||
| 18.5–24.9 | (0.7–1.5) | |||
| 25–29.9 | 0.6 (0.2–2.5) | |||
| ≥30 | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | |||
| Vaginal wall abnormality | 0.0006 | 0.0007 | ||
| None (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Other | 2.0 (1.3–2.9) | 1.9 (1.3–2.8) | ||
| Last CD4 count (per mm3) | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | ||
| <300 (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 300–<450 | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | (0.3–0.7) | ||
| 450–<650 | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | ||
| ≥650 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | ||
| WHO stage | 1.0 | |||
| Stage 1 (ref) | 1.0 | |||
| Stage 2 | (0.2–1.4) | |||
| Stage 3 | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | |||
| Stage 4 | 1.6 (0.2–10.2) | |||
| ART Regimen currently on | 0.6 | |||
| TDF-containing ART | 1.4(1.0–2.0) | |||
| ZDV-containing ART | (1.0–2.2) | |||
| d4T-containing ART | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | |||