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Table 3 Bivariate and multivariable associations* from a population-averaged logistic regression model of contemporary factors in the past year and any IPV in the current year in sexually active women in the Rakai Community Cohort Study, 2000 to 2009

From: Risk factors for intimate partner violence in women in the Rakai Community Cohort Study, Uganda, from 2000 to 2009

Contemporary factor

Baseline n (%)

Bivariate association

Multivariable model, 13533 observations, 6916 women

OR (95% CI) p value

N in model†

OR (95% CI) p value

Age

15-19

4861 (28.3)

-

-

-

20-24

5018 (29.2)

-

-

-

25-34

5008 (29.2)

-

-

-

35-49

2285 (13.3)

-

 

-

Continuous

28.3 (8.3)§

0.99 (0.99, 0.99) p < 0.001

29659, 10954

0.99 (0.98, 1.00) p = 0.01

Marital status

Never married

3777 (21.9)

1

29659, 10954

1

Previously married

2287 (13.3)

1.35 (1.20, 1.52) p < 0.001

1.08 (0.85, 1.38) p = 0.53

Currently married- polygamous

2611 (15.2)

1.75 (1.57, 1.95) p < 0.001

1.44 (0.92, 2.25) p = 0.11

Currently married- monogamous

8562 (49.7)

1.83 (1.66, 2.01) p < 0.001

1.32 (0.85, 2.04) p = 0.22

Religion

Catholic

10115 (59.0)

1

29592, 10898

1

Protestant

3613 (21.1)

0.99 (0.91, 1.07) p = 0.77

1.02 (0.92, 1.14) p = 0.66

Muslim

2713 (15.8)

0.82 (0.75, 0.89) p < 0.001

0.88 (0.77, 1.02) p = 0.08

Other

708 (4.1)

0.92 (0.78, 1.09) p = 0.34

1.00 (0.79, 1.28) p = 0.97

Occupation

Agriculture

9601 (56.0)

1

29658, 10953

1

Shopkeeper/trading/vending

1510 (8.8)

0.87 (0.79, 0.95) p = 0.003

0.92 (0.80, 1.06) p = 0.25

Housework

1334 (7.8)

1.02 (0.91, 1.16) p = 0.71

0.99 (0.80, 1.21) p = 0.90

Professional

1171 (6.8)

0.70 (0.62, 0.80) p < 0.001

0.88 (0.73, 1.07) p = 0.19

Student

1283 (7.5)

0.43 (0.36, 0.52) p < 0.001

1.04 (0.34, 3.15) p = 0.95

Home brewing/bar worker/owner

444 (2.6)

1.26 (1.04, 1.52) p = 0.02

1.12 (0.84, 1.50) p = 0.45

Other

1797 (10.5)

0.83 (0.76, 0.91) p < 0.001

1.01 (0.87, 1.17) p = 0.88

Partner’s occupation

Agriculture

4506 (27.4)

1

29171, 10682

1

Shopkeeper/trading/vending

4409 (26.8)

0.95 (0.89, 1.01) p = 0.11

0.91 (0.82, 1.01) p = 0.07

Professional

2028 (12.3)

0.81 (0.74, 0.89) p < 0.001

0.82 (0.71, 0.95) p = 0.01

Student

485 (3.0)

0.44 (0.33, 0.59) p < 0.001

0.75 (0.26, 2.13) p = 0.58

Home brewing/bar worker/owner

161 (1.0)

1.24 (0.98, 1.56) p = 0.08

1.13 (0.80, 1.60) p = 0.48

Trucker

707 (4.3)

0.76 (0.65, 0.88) p < 0.001

0.82 (0.66, 1.03) p = 0.09

Other

4169 (25.3)

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

p = 0.48

0.94 (0.84, 1.04) p = 0.22

Pregnancy status

No

10838 (79.0)

1

26263, 9734

1

Yes

2877 (21.0)

1.11 (1.04, 1.18) p = 0.002

1.02 (0.92, 1.12) p = 0.71

Type of relationship

Husband

7502 (44.9)

1

29265, 10705

1

Current consensual partner

3981 (23.8)

1.03 (0.97, 1.10) p = 0.35

0.88 (0.79, 0.67) p = 0.01

Boyfriend

4941 (29.5)

0.69 (0.64, 0.74) p < 0.001

0.70 (0.47, 1.05) p = 0.09

Other

301 (1.8)

0.78 (0.58, 1.04) p = 0.10

1.20 (0.48, 2.97) p = 0.70

Length of time in relationship

<3 years

5881 (43.4)

1

27050, 9956

1

4-6 years

2774 (20.5)

0.94 (0.88, 1.01) p = 0.11

0.84 (0.75, 0.94) p = 0.002

>6 years

4907 (36.2)

0.86 (0.80, 0.92) p < 0.001

0.79 (0.70, 0.90) p < 0.001

Partner age difference

Same age

991 (7.4)

1

23887, 9682

1

≥10 years older

2098 (15.8)

1.10 (0.96, 1.26) p = 0.16

0.83 (0.69, 1.00) p = 0.05

5-9 years older

3703 (27.8)

1.11 (0.98, 1.26) p = 0.11

0.83 (0.69, 0.99) p = 0.04

<5 years older

5988 (45.0)

1.06 (0.94, 1.20) p = 0.34

0.83 (0.70, 0.99) p = 0.04

<5 years younger

440 (3.3)

1.23 (1.02, 1.47) p = 0.03

1.02 (0.79, 1.32) p = 0.87

≥5 years younger

97 (0.7)

1.30 (0.91, 1.86) p = 0.15

1.21 (0.76, 1.91) p = 0.42

Number of partners in past year

1

14653 (90.9)

1

27892, 10419

1

>1

1473 (9.1)

1.26 (1.12, 1.42) p < 0.001

1.27 (0.99, 1.62) p = 0.06

Woman’s use of alcohol before sex

No

12086 (72.6)

1

29081, 10686

1

Yes

4563 (27.4)

1.32 (1.25, 1.40) p < 0.001

1.21 (1.10, 1.32) p < 0.001

Partner’s use of alcohol before sex

No

7722 (49.7)

1

25525, 10381

1

Yes

7826 (50.3)

1.48 (1.40, 1.56) p < 0.001

1.46 (1.34, 1.60) p < 0.001

Attitudes toward violence

Not acceptable

1551 (14.4)

1

22088, 9541

1

Acceptable

9187 (85.6)

1.48 (1.36, 1.60) p < 0.001

1.43 (1.28, 1.59) p < 0.001

HIV status

Negative

14143 (87.5)

1

28677, 10620

1

Positive

2013 (12.5)

1.02 (0.93, 1.13) p = 0.61

1.03 (0.90, 1.18) p = 0.65

  1. *From repeated measures logistic regression models. †N in model is number of observations, number of groups (i.e. women).