A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in rural Nepali women

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Association between cardiovascular risk factors and mean blood pressure among adult Nepali women (N = 1679)

Risk factors^a	Prevalence	Systolic BP		Diastolic BP
	N (%)	Beta^c (95% CI)	P value	Beta^c (95% CI)	P value
High total cholesterol	23 (1.6)
Unadjusted		3.9 (-0.5 to 8.4)	0.085	1.8 (-1.8 to 5.5)	0.320
Multivariate^b		4.4 (-0.5 to 9.3)	0.080	1.8 (-2.2 to 5.8)	0.880
High triglycerides	147 (10.2)
Unadjusted		4.3 (2.4 to 6.1)	<0.001	3.7 (2.2 to 5.2)	<0.0001
Multivariate^b		4.1 (2.1 to 6.0)	<0.001	3.6 (2.1 to 5.2)	<0.0001
Low HDL-cholesterol	1046 (72.3)
Unadjusted		-0.6 (-1.8 to 0.7)	0.374	-0.7(-1.6 to0.3)	0.190
Multivariate^b		-0.5 (-1.8 to 0.8)	0.464	-0.5 (-1.6 to 0.6)	0.351
Raised fasting glucose	15 (1.3)
Unadjusted		11.8 (6.2 to 17.4)	<0.001	8.0 (3.5 to12.6)	<0.0001
Multivariate^b		10.0 (4.6 to 15.4)	<0.001	6.9 (2.5 to11.3)	<0.0001
High HbA ₁ c	9 (0.6)
Unadjusted		14.5 (7.4 to 21.6)	<0.001	9.5 (3.7 to 15.3)	0.003
Multivariate^b		14.0 (6.9 to 21.0)	<0.001	9.3 (3.5 to 14.9)	0.004
High body mass index	214 (12.7)
Unadjusted		6.9 (5.3 to 8.4)	<0.001	5.1 (3.9 to 6.3)	<0.0001
Multivariate^b		6.7 (5.0 to 8.4)	<0.001	4.8 (3.5 to 6.2)	<0.0001
High waist circumference	234 (14.0)
Unadjusted		6.6 (5.0 to 8.1)	<0.001	5.3 (4.1 to 6.5)	<0.0001
Multivariate^b		6.2 (4.6 to 7.8)	<0.001	5.2 (3.9 to 6.4)	<0.0001

Missing for total cholesterol = 232, triglycerides =232, HDL cholesterol = 232, fasting blood glucose = 483, HbA₁c = 234, BMI = 10, waist circumference = 2.
^aCut-offs for high total cholesterol = 5.17 mmol/L, high triglycerides =1.7 mmol/L, low HDL cholesterol =1.04 mmol/L, high BMI = 23, abdominal obesity = waist circumference ≥80 cm, Raised fasting glucose = 5.6 mmol/L and high HbA₁c = 7. Those with normal values were considered as the reference group.
^bAnalysis done using simple and multivariate linear regression. The multivariate models adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, household farming and food assets, ethnicity, and occupation.
^cBeta coefficients represent the mean difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure comparing those with abnormal values of each predictor variable to those with normal values.

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