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Table 1 List of demographic and environmental risk factors related to ulcerative colitis

From: Can temperature explain the latitudinal gradient of ulcerative colitis? Cohort of Norway

Variable

Comment

References

Present study

Age, sex

More men than women, 25–35 years

Moum [56]

Included

Smoking

Protective (OR: 0.58)

Mahid [11]

Included

Appendectomy

Protective

Lopez [13]

Not included

Diet

Red meat, n-6 fatty acids, sweets increase risk n-3 fatty acids, fruits, vegetables decrease risk

Ng [58] (references therein)

Not included

Breast-feeding

Protecting

Klement [12]

Not included

Acute gastrointestinal infections

Risk factor. Campylobacter, Salmonella

Gradel [59]

Not included

Sun-exposure

Not investigated

-

Not included

Sosio-economy

Higher in urban, urban/rural change

Aamodt [19]

Included

  1. See Ng et al. for review [58].
  2. OR Odds ratio.