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Table 4 Multivariate associations between individual characteristics and never engaging in self-management behaviors among Canadian adults age 20 years and older with type 2 diabetes (n=2,682)

From: Determinants of lifestyle behavior in type 2 diabetes: results of the 2011 cross-sectional survey on living with chronic diseases in Canada

 

Never changed diet

Never engaged in exercise

Never controlled/lost weight

Never quit smoking

 

Multivariate RR

Multivariate RR

Multivariate RR

Multivariate RR

Age

    

   20-64

1

1

1

1

   65+

2.6 (1.6, 4.2)*

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

1.5 (0.9, 2.5)

1.1 (0.3, 1.4)

Sex

    

   Female

1

1

1

1

   Male

1.9 (1.3, 2.8)*

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

1.5 (1.0, 2.4)

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

Education

    

   Post-secondary graduate

1

1

1

1

   Some post-secondary

1.7 (0.8, 3.8)

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.9 (0.3, 2.6)

0.8 (0.4, 1.7)

   Secondary graduate

0.9 (0.4, 1.8)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.8 (0.4, 1.6)

0.9 (0.6, 1.4)

   < Secondary

1.7 (1.2, 2.4)*

1.3 (1.1, 1.7)*

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

Income

    

   ≥ $80,000

1

1

1

1

   $50,000-$79,999

4.0 (1.7, 9.2)*

1.3 (0.8, 2.1)

1.0 (0.4, 2.5)

0.9 (0.5, 1.8)

   $30,000-$49,000

3.8 (1.8, 8.1)*

1.6 (1.0, 2.4)*

1.0 (0.4, 2.4)

0.9 (0.5, 1.5)

   $15,000-$29,999

4.1 (1.9, 8.6)*

2.1 (1.3, 3.6)*

1.0 (0.5, 2.3)

1.0 (0.6, 1.8)

   <$15,000

4.5 (1.9, 10.6)*

2.0 (1.2, 3.5)*

2.1 (0.8, 5.7)

0.7 (0.4, 1.3)

Time since diagnosis

    

   < 2 years

1

1

1

1

   3–5 years

0.9 (0.4, 1.5)

1.4 (1.0, 2.1)

1.1 (0.5, 2.5)

0.7 (0.4, 1.2)

   6+ years

0.9 (0.5, 1.4)

1.2 (0.8, 1.7)

0.8 (0.4, 1.7)

0.7 (0.5, 1.2)

Ethnicity

    

   White

1

1

1

1

   Aboriginal off-reserve

1.6 (0.8, 3.3)

0.9 (0.5, 1.6)

0.9 (0.4, 2.1)

1.7 (0.9, 3.2)

   Other

3.3 (1.7, 6.3)*

0.7 (0.4, 1.2)

1.7 (0.8, 3.8)

0.5 (0.1, 2.0)

Married/common-law

    

   No

1

1

1

1

   Yes

1.0 (0.6, 1.5)

1.2 (0.9, 1.5)

1.1 (0.5, 1.2)

0.6 (0.4, 1.0)*

Region

    

   Rural

1

1

1

1

   Urban

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

1.1 (0.7, 1.8)

0.8 (0.5, 1.1)

Advice for behavior provided

    

   Yes

1

1

1

1

   No

2.7 (1.8, 4.2)*

1.7 (1.3, 2.1)*

2.2 (1.3, 3.6)*

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

  1. *Significant estimates (p<0.05).