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Table 4 Route subscale characteristics: all studies combined (n = 290 route reliability pairs)

From: Development, scoring, and reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS)

Subscale

# items (range of scores)

Sample items* and overall subscale description

Mean (SD)

ICC, % agreement

Range of item ICCs or Kappas

Land Use and Destinations Subscales

    

Positive Subscales

     

Residential Mix (weighted residential density)

4 (0–3)

Single family homes, apartments/condominiums, apartments above street retail

1.34 (.64)

.577, 80.0%

.292 (retirement/senior living facilities) - .776

Commercial-Shops

10 (0–11)

Food-related land uses, retail and service-oriented land uses and shopping centers

1.37 (2.25)

.873, 74.2%

.407 -.842

Commercial-Restaurants/Entertainment

4 (0–6)

Food-related uses (fast food, sit-down, café), entertainment

.799 (1.31)

.842, 81.3%

.765-.796

Institutional/Services-Professional Services

3 (0–6)

Bank/credit union, health-related professional, other services

1.26 (1.54)

.849, 75.3%

.743-.808

Institutional/Services-Religious, Schools (each a single item)

1 each (0–2 each)

Government or community land use: Place of worship; school

N/A

Religious: .712

Schools: .722

Same as subscales

Government Services

4 (0–4)

Health or social services, library/museums, post office, senior center

.135 (.436)

.652, 91.4%

.279 (senior center) -.798

Parking Structures (positive influence on PA)

2 (0–2)

No parking facilities present, parallel/angled on-street parking

1.61 (.79)

.736, 80.0%

-.011 (no parking) -.689

Recreational Land Use-Public Recreation Facilities

4(0–3)

Community garden, public indoor, public outdoor pay, public park

.179 (.466)

.717, 91.6%

.497-.679

Recreational Land Use-Private Recreation Facilities

2 (0–2)

Private indoor, private outdoor

.097 (.34)

.696, 95.5%

.659-.704

DLU Commercial (an interim subscale, may be used independently, but not included in overall scores)

3 subscales (0–21)

Sum of shops, restaurant/entertainment, and services subscales. Subscale created to reflect most common pedestrian destinations. Not included in overall positive subscale.

3.39 (4.40)

.889, 50.3%

See above

DLU Overall Positive Subscale

10 subscales (2–24)

Sum of subscales: residential mix, shops, restaurants/entertainment, services, government services, religious, schools, positive parking, public recreation, and private recreation.

7.08 (4.51)

.855, 43.8%

See above

Negative Subscale

     

Adverse Land Uses: Industrial, Abandoned Lot/Building, Surface Parking Lot or Garage **ALSO IS DLU Overall Negative

6 (0–7)

Warehouse/factory/industrial, abandoned building, large parking facilities

1.17 (1.24)

.610, 96.3%

-.029 (abandoned building)-.659

Overall Subscale

     

DLU Overall Subscale Score

2 subscales (0–21)

DLU Overall Positive subscale – Adverse Land Uses subscale

5.91 (4.71)

.801, 37.7%

See above

Streetscape Subscales

     

Positive Elements Subscale

18 (0–10)

Transit stops, posted speed limit, pedestrian signage, street amenities (e.g., working telephone, trash bins)

3.70 (2.16)

.741, 49.8%

.395 (presence of kiosks or info booths) - .838

Negative Elements Subscale

5 (0–4)

High speed limits, roll-over curbs, driveways

1.69 (.876)

.742, 70.1%

.433-.814

Overall Streetscape Score

2 subscales (−3 – 10)

Positive Streetscape Elements subscale– Negative Streetscape Elements subscale

2.01 (2.66)

.762, 45.7%

See above

Aesthetics and Social Subscales

    

Positive Aesthetics and Social Subscale

5 (0–5)

Public art, landscaping maintenance

2.08 (1.09)

.632, 48.7%

.391 (signage for commercial destinations or parks) -.689

Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscale

14 (0–8)

Graffiti, physical disorder, broken windows

1.91 (1.81)

.514, 36.6%

.088 (social disorder (dichot: none vs. any) -.665

Overall Aesthetics and Social Score

2 subscales (−8 – 5)

Positive Aesthetics and Social -Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscales

0.18 (2.52)

.580, 29.5%

See above

Total Route Score

3 overall subscales (−2 – 33)

Sum of 3 overall scores

7.94 (8.18)

.816, 17.4%

See above

  1. *All item reliabilities can be found at: http://sallis.ucsd.edu.