Table 3 Measurements and collection of biological samples during the physical examination
From: Unravelling the impact of ethnicity on health in Europe: the HELIUS study
Measurements | Laboratory measurements |
|---|---|
- anthropometry (weight, height, and circumferences of waist, hip, thigh, arm, and calf), | - fasting blood sample: haemoglobin, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, creatinine |
- body fat percentage (using bioelectrical impedance), | - morning urine sample: pH, glucose, ketones, leucocytes, nitrite, protein, and erythrocytes (dipstick), microalbumin, creatinine |
- hand grip strength, | |
- blood pressure (sitting position) and ankle-arm index (in supine position), | |
- arterial stiffness using Arteriograph (oscillometrically measured pulse wave velocity, aortic augmentation index, central systolic blood pressure), | |
- heart function using Nexfin (non-invasive haemodynamics such as stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance), | |
- electrocardiogram (left ventricular hypertrophy, infarction, etc.), | |
- medication use, | |
- health literacy test, | |
- respiratory symptoms, vaginal hygiene (women) | |
- collection of biological samples (fasting blood sample, morning urine sample, faeces sample, nasal and throat swabs, a vaginal swab in women) | Â |