Health-related quality of life in migrant preschool children

Puder, Jardena; Pinto, Ana Margarida; Bonvin, Antoine; Bodenman, Patrick; Munsch, Simone; Kriemler, Susi; Marques-Vidal, Pedro

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-384

Table 3 Impact of migration on health-related quality of life after adjustment for potential confounders, Ballabeina and Youp’là Bouge studies

After adjustment for		Parental characteristics		Children’s characteristics
After adjustment for	No adjustment ^§	Parental educational Level	Paternal occupation	Country of birth	Body mass index	Screen time	Playing outside
Ballabeina
Emotional functioning	1.75	2.05	1.78	1.69	1.79	2.28	1.00
Emotional functioning	(0.18, 3.31) *	(0.33, 3.78)*	(0.21, 3.35)*	(0.11, 3.27)*	(0.20, 3.38)*	(0.65, 3.91)**	(−0.67, 2.68) ^NS
Social functioning	−2.53	−1.60	−2.21	−2.7	−2.32	−1.92	−2.85
Social functioning	(−3.96, -1.11)***	(−3.16, -0.03)*	(−3.64, -0.78)**	(−4.17, -1.24)***	(−3.76, -0.88)***	(−3.41, -0.44)*	(−4.38, -1.33)***
School functioning	−1.54	−0.61	−1.37	−1.50	−1.38	−0.65	−1.62
School functioning	(−3.02, -0.05) *	(−2.21, 1.00) ^NS	(−2.86, 0.13) ^NS	(−3.02, 0.02) ^NS	(−2.89, 0.12) ^NS	(−2.16, 0.85) ^NS	(−3.23, -0.01)*
Physical health	−2.04	−1.10	−1.97	−1.93	−1.92	−1.27	−2.18
Physical health	(−3.49, -0.59) **	(−2.67, 0.47) ^NS	(−3.43, -0.52)**	(−3.42, -0.45)*	(−3.38, -0.47)**	(−2.75, 0.21) ^NS	(−3.65, -0.71)**
Psychosocial health	−0.77	−0.07	−0.59	−0.81	−0.61	−0.09	−1.15
Psychosocial health	(−1.92, 0.39) ^NS	(−1.33, 1.20) ^NS	(−1.74, 0.57) ^NS	(−1.98, 0.36) ^NS	(−1.76, 0.55) ^NS	(−1.28, 1.09) ^NS	(−2.37, 0.08) ^NS
Total score	−1.23	−0.45	−1.09	−1.24	−1.09	−0.52	−1.52
Total score	(−2.35, -0.12)*	(−1.66, 0.77) ^NS	(−2.21, 0.02) ^NS	(−2.37, -0.10)*	(−2.21, 0.03) ^NS	(−1.66, 0.62) ^NS	(−2.67, -0.36)**
Youp’là Bouge
Emotional functioning	−0.46	−0.76	−0.46	−0.53	NA	−0.55	−0.33
Emotional functioning	(−1.57, 0.65) ^NS	(−1.94, 0.41) ^NS	(−1.58, 0.66) ^NS	(−1.67, 0.60) ^NS		(−1.70, 0.59) ^NS	(−1.49, 0.83) ^NS
Social functioning	−1.23	−1.27	−1.23	−1.18	NA	−1.14	−0.88
Social functioning	(−2.18, -0.28) *	(−2.28, -0.26)*	(−2.19, -0.28)*	(−2.15, -0.20)*		(−2.11, -0.16)*	(−1.88, 0.11) ^NS
School functioning	−2.91	−2.73	−2.84	−3.02	NA	−2.56	−2.62
School functioning	(−3.88, -1.94)***	(−3.76, -1.71)***	(−3.82, -1.86)***	(−4.01, -2.02)***		(−3.55, -1.57)***	(−3.64, -1.61)***
Physical health	−1.33	−1.70	−1.42	−1.42	NA	−1.37	−1.09
Physical health	(−2.30, -0.36)**	(−2.73, -0.68)***	(−2.39, -0.45)**	(−2.41, -0.43)**		(−2.36, -0.37)**	(−2.10, -0.08)*
Psychosocial health	−1.57	−1.64	−1.55	−1.62	NA	−1.46	−1.32
Psychosocial health	(−2.33, -0.82)***	(−2.44, -0.83)***	(−2.32, -0.79)***	(−2.39, -0.84)***		(−2.24, -0.68)***	(−2.11, -0.53)***
Total score	−1.45	−1.66	−1.48	−1.51	NA	−1.41	−1.20
Total score	(−2.20, -0.69)***	(−2.47, -0.86)***	(−2.24, -0.73)***	(−2.29, -0.73)***	NA	(−2.19, -0.63)***	(−1.99, -0.40)**

Impact of having one or more migrant parent(s) on the children’s quality of life. Statistical analysis by mixed linear regression models with age and gender as fixed factors and preschool class/child care as cluster with random effect, adjusting for the respective potential confounder. ^§ same as the last column of Table 2. Results are presented as β-coefficient and (95% confidence interval). In the case the association between the PedsQL^TM 4.0 score and parental migrant status is modified by the confounder (for example a significant association that becomes non-significant after adjusting for the potential confounder), the confounder is considered as mediating the association. ^NS, not significant; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. NA not applicable, as data were available for half of the children only (488/975 children).

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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