|
Baseline
|
3-mo
|
6-mo
|
9-mo
|
12-mo
|
---|
Blood sampled
a
| ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Anthropometry
b
| ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Body composition assessment
| | | | | |
DXA
c
| | | | | |
Whole-body
| ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Bone assessments
| | | | | |
DXA
d
| | | | | |
Whole-body
| ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Lumbar spine vertebrae 1-4 (AP and AP-Lateral)
| ● | | ● | | ● |
Total hip
| ● | | ● | | ● |
Forearm (1/3 distal radius)
| ● | | ● | | ● |
pQCT
e
| | | | | |
Radius (%: 4, 66)
| ● | | ● | | ● |
Tibia (%: 4, 14, 38, 66)
| ● | | ● | | ● |
Muscle function
f
| ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Questionnaires
| | | | | |
Family Health (FHQ)
| ● | | | | |
Child Health (CHQ)
| ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Child Intention (CIQ)
| ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Baseline education
g
| ● | ● h
| ● h
| ● h
| ● h
|
Interventions
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Lifestyle intervention
|
End of Mo
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
Intervention groups
| | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | | | ● | | | | |
Control group
i
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ● |
-
a Includes: Glucose, HbA1C, insulin, calcium, CBC-profile, lipid-profile, AST/ ALT, C-reactive protein, Estradiol, LH.
-
b Includes: Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, pulse and skin pigmentation by spectrophotometer (CM-700d/600d, Konica Minolta, Ramsey, NJ, USA).
-
c Body composition assessed by DXA to yield: total mass (g), fat mass (g), lean + BMC (g) % BF, Android/ Gynoid ratio.
-
d DXA measures of bone to yield: bone area (cm2), BMC (g), BMD (g/cm3).
-
e pQCT measures both bone content [i.e. cortical density (mg/cm3)] and geometry [i.e. cortical area (mm2)].
-
f Force plate assessment: jumping (force, power), sit-to-stand (force, power) and balance.
-
g Basic Education: Performed by a registered dietitian; a basic review of nutrition and PA guide.
-
h A dietitian is always present to answer questions and deal with age changes if in control.
-
i Control group receives the 6 lifestyle interventions after completion of 12 mo of study.