| |
Diabetes duration
| | |
|---|
| |
1 year
| |
8 years
| |
15 years
| |
24 years
| |
Comparison of individuals with diabetes
|
Comparison of control individuals
|
|---|
| |
(2008 cohort)
| |
(1999 cohort)
| |
(1992 cohort)
| |
(1983 cohort)
| |
|---|
| |
Individuals with diabetes
|
Control individuals
|
p
a
|
Individuals with diabetes
|
Control individuals
|
p
a
|
Individuals with diabetes
|
Control individuals
|
p
a
|
Individuals with diabetes
|
Control individuals
|
p
a
|
|---|
| |
n = 141
|
n = 247
| |
n = 208
|
n = 381
| |
n = 225
|
n = 419
| |
n = 265
|
n = 517
| |
p
b
|
p
c
|
|---|
| |
%
|
n
|
%
|
n
| |
%
|
n
|
%
|
n
| |
%
|
n
|
%
|
n
| |
%
|
n
|
%
|
n
| | | |
|---|
|
Mobility
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Women
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
5.7
|
3
|
4.0
|
4
|
0.69
|
6.4
|
6
|
3.6
|
6
|
0.36
|
11.7
|
11
|
9.3
|
16
|
0.54
|
16.1
|
18
|
9.9
|
19
|
0.049
|
0.053
|
0.053
|
|
Severe problems
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.9
|
1
|
0.0
|
0
| | | |
|
Men
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
2.3
|
2
|
2.7
|
4
|
1.00
|
2.6
|
3
|
5.6
|
12
|
0.22
|
10.7
|
14
|
4.9
|
12
|
0.033
|
17.6
|
27
|
15.9
|
50
|
0.51
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
|
Severe problems
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.7
|
1
|
0.0
|
0
| | | |
|
Self-care
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Women
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
-
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.6
|
1
|
1.00
|
1.1
|
1
|
2.3
|
4
|
0.43
|
2.7
|
3
|
0.5
|
1
|
0.023
|
0.048
|
0.059
|
|
Severe problems
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.6
|
1
| |
1.8
|
2
|
0.0
|
0
| | | |
|
Men
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
1.1
|
1
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.38
|
1.8
|
2
|
0.9
|
2
|
0.61
|
3.8
|
5
|
1.6
|
4
|
0.10
|
3.3
|
5
|
1.9
|
6
|
0.58
|
0.37
|
0.11
|
|
Severe problems
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.8
|
1
|
0.0
|
0
| |
0.7
|
1
|
1.0
|
3
| | | |
|
Usual activities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Women
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
13.2
|
7
|
3.0
|
3
|
0.048
|
12.8
|
12
|
7.7
|
13
|
0.18
|
14.9
|
14
|
6.4
|
11
|
0.029
|
20.5
|
23
|
8.4
|
16
|
0.001
|
0.19
|
0.42
|
|
Severe problems
|
0.0
|
0
|
1.0
|
1
| |
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
| |
2.1
|
2
|
1.7
|
3
| |
2.7
|
3
|
1.5
|
3
| | | |
|
Men
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
9.1
|
8
|
3.4
|
5
|
0.033
|
4.4
|
5
|
6.6
|
14
|
0.64
|
9.9
|
13
|
7.7
|
19
|
0.31
|
12.4
|
19
|
8.6
|
27
|
0.14
|
0.090
|
0.065
|
|
Severe problems
|
2.3
|
2
|
0.7
|
1
| |
1.8
|
2
|
0.9
|
2
| |
2.1
|
3
|
1.2
|
3
| |
3.9
|
6
|
2.9
|
9
| | | |
|
Pain/discomfort
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Women
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
28.3
|
15
|
25.7
|
26
|
0.35
|
45.7
|
43
|
31.5
|
53
|
0.050
|
48.9
|
46
|
35.5
|
61
|
0.013
|
51.8
|
58
|
47.5
|
96
|
0.33
|
0.041
|
<0.001
|
|
Severe problems
|
5.7
|
3
|
1.0
|
1
| |
1.1
|
1
|
3.0
|
5
| |
5.3
|
5
|
2.9
|
5
| |
4.5
|
5
|
3.0
|
6
| | | |
|
Men
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
22.7
|
20
|
24.7
|
36
|
0.77
|
28.9
|
33
|
32.4
|
69
|
0.41
|
24.4
|
32
|
40.1
|
99
|
0.012
|
49.7
|
76
|
44.8
|
141
|
0.12
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
|
Severe problems
|
2.3
|
2
|
2.1
|
3
| |
0.9
|
1
|
1.9
|
4
| |
6.1
|
8
|
3.6
|
9
| |
7.2
|
11
|
4.4
|
14
| | | |
|
Anxiety/depression
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Women
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
32.0
|
17
|
30.7
|
31
|
0.60
|
36.2
|
34
|
27.4
|
46
|
0.13
|
38.3
|
36
|
29.7
|
51
|
0.057
|
46.4
|
52
|
36.0
|
73
|
0.056
|
0.29
|
0.41
|
|
Severe problems
|
3.8
|
2
|
1.0
|
1
| |
2.1
|
2
|
1.8
|
3
| |
8.5
|
8
|
5.2
|
9
| |
1.8
|
2
|
1.0
|
2
| | | |
|
Men
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Moderate problems
|
28.4
|
25
|
23.3
|
34
|
0.14
|
30.7
|
35
|
24.9
|
53
|
0.13
|
25.2
|
33
|
31.6
|
78
|
0.22
|
31.4
|
48
|
23.2
|
73
|
0.064
|
0.43
|
0.28
|
|
Severe problems
|
6.8
|
6
|
2.7
|
4
| |
3.5
|
4
|
1.4
|
3
| |
1.5
|
2
|
1.2
|
3
| |
3.3
|
5
|
3.2
|
10
| | | |
-
a P-value for comparison between patients with diabetes and control individuals (χ2 or Fisher exact test), b p-value for comparison between patients with diabetes in the different cohorts (ANOVA), c p-value for comparison between control individuals in the different cohorts (ANOVA).
