Table 2 Percentage of patients with diabetes and control individuals reporting moderate and severe problems in each EQ-5D dimension by disease duration
Diabetes duration | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 year | 8 years | 15 years | 24 years | Comparison of individuals with diabetes | Comparison of control individuals | |||||||||||||||||
(2008 cohort) | (1999 cohort) | (1992 cohort) | (1983 cohort) | |||||||||||||||||||
Individuals with diabetes | Control individuals | p a | Individuals with diabetes | Control individuals | p a | Individuals with diabetes | Control individuals | p a | Individuals with diabetes | Control individuals | p a | |||||||||||
n = 141 | n = 247 | n = 208 | n = 381 | n = 225 | n = 419 | n = 265 | n = 517 | p b | p c | |||||||||||||
% | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | |||||||
Mobility | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 5.7 | 3 | 4.0 | 4 | 0.69 | 6.4 | 6 | 3.6 | 6 | 0.36 | 11.7 | 11 | 9.3 | 16 | 0.54 | 16.1 | 18 | 9.9 | 19 | 0.049 | 0.053 | 0.053 |
Severe problems | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | ||||||
Men | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 2.3 | 2 | 2.7 | 4 | 1.00 | 2.6 | 3 | 5.6 | 12 | 0.22 | 10.7 | 14 | 4.9 | 12 | 0.033 | 17.6 | 27 | 15.9 | 50 | 0.51 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Severe problems | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | ||||||
Self-care | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | - | 0.0 | 0 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.1 | 1 | 2.3 | 4 | 0.43 | 2.7 | 3 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.023 | 0.048 | 0.059 |
Severe problems | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.8 | 2 | 0.0 | 0 | ||||||
Men | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 1.1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.38 | 1.8 | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 0.61 | 3.8 | 5 | 1.6 | 4 | 0.10 | 3.3 | 5 | 1.9 | 6 | 0.58 | 0.37 | 0.11 |
Severe problems | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.0 | 3 | ||||||
Usual activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 13.2 | 7 | 3.0 | 3 | 0.048 | 12.8 | 12 | 7.7 | 13 | 0.18 | 14.9 | 14 | 6.4 | 11 | 0.029 | 20.5 | 23 | 8.4 | 16 | 0.001 | 0.19 | 0.42 |
Severe problems | 0.0 | 0 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.7 | 3 | 2.7 | 3 | 1.5 | 3 | ||||||
Men | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 9.1 | 8 | 3.4 | 5 | 0.033 | 4.4 | 5 | 6.6 | 14 | 0.64 | 9.9 | 13 | 7.7 | 19 | 0.31 | 12.4 | 19 | 8.6 | 27 | 0.14 | 0.090 | 0.065 |
Severe problems | 2.3 | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.8 | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 2.1 | 3 | 1.2 | 3 | 3.9 | 6 | 2.9 | 9 | ||||||
Pain/discomfort | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 28.3 | 15 | 25.7 | 26 | 0.35 | 45.7 | 43 | 31.5 | 53 | 0.050 | 48.9 | 46 | 35.5 | 61 | 0.013 | 51.8 | 58 | 47.5 | 96 | 0.33 | 0.041 | <0.001 |
Severe problems | 5.7 | 3 | 1.0 | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | 3.0 | 5 | 5.3 | 5 | 2.9 | 5 | 4.5 | 5 | 3.0 | 6 | ||||||
Men | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 22.7 | 20 | 24.7 | 36 | 0.77 | 28.9 | 33 | 32.4 | 69 | 0.41 | 24.4 | 32 | 40.1 | 99 | 0.012 | 49.7 | 76 | 44.8 | 141 | 0.12 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Severe problems | 2.3 | 2 | 2.1 | 3 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.9 | 4 | 6.1 | 8 | 3.6 | 9 | 7.2 | 11 | 4.4 | 14 | ||||||
Anxiety/depression | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Women | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 32.0 | 17 | 30.7 | 31 | 0.60 | 36.2 | 34 | 27.4 | 46 | 0.13 | 38.3 | 36 | 29.7 | 51 | 0.057 | 46.4 | 52 | 36.0 | 73 | 0.056 | 0.29 | 0.41 |
Severe problems | 3.8 | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.8 | 3 | 8.5 | 8 | 5.2 | 9 | 1.8 | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | ||||||
Men | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate problems | 28.4 | 25 | 23.3 | 34 | 0.14 | 30.7 | 35 | 24.9 | 53 | 0.13 | 25.2 | 33 | 31.6 | 78 | 0.22 | 31.4 | 48 | 23.2 | 73 | 0.064 | 0.43 | 0.28 |
Severe problems | 6.8 | 6 | 2.7 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 1.4 | 3 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.2 | 3 | 3.3 | 5 | 3.2 | 10 | ||||||