Characteristics | 2001 | 2005 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR(95%CI) | P-value | OR(95%CI) | P-value | |
Null model | ||||
u 0j | 0.7 ± 0.1 | <0.001 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
VPC | 16.5% | - | 20.4% | - |
Full model | ||||
Fixed part | ||||
Provinces b | ||||
Ningxia | 0.58(0.40,0.83) | <0.01 | 0.63(0.33,1.22) | 0.173 |
Xinjiang | 0.63(0.34,1.14) | 0.124 | 1.14(0.62,2.11) | 0.663 |
Gansu | 0.77(0.51,1.15) | 0.201 | 0.31(0.13,0.74) | <0.01 |
Inner Mongolia | 0.85(0.59,1.23) | 0.386 | 0.49(0.26,0.93) | <0.05 |
Sichuan | 1.04(0.72,1.51) | 0.83 | 1.21(0.68,2.17) | 0.515 |
Guizhou | - | - | 1.56(0.82,2.96) | 0.174 |
Chongqing | 1.20(0.80,1.82) | 0.378 | 2.00(1.03,3.85) | <0.05 |
Qinghai | 1.46(1.01,2.11) | <0.05 | 1.86(1.00,3.48) | <0.05 |
Guangxi | 2.32(1.54,3.50) | <0.001 | 1.31(0.71,2.44) | 0.387 |
Individual characteristics | ||||
Ethnicity | ||||
Han | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Tibet | 1.29(0.92,1.79) | 0.136 | 1.23(0.79,1.92) | 0.355 |
Uighur | 2.35(1.28,4.30) | <0.01 | 1.42(0.74,2.73) | 0.288 |
Hui | 1.36(0.99,1.87) | 0.060 | 0.57(0.40,0.82) | <0.01 |
Zhuang | 1.06(0.68,1.63) | 0.806 | 2.09(1.34,3.26) | <0.01 |
Others | 1.26(0.93,1.70) | 0.133 | 1.42(1.05,1.93) | <0.05 |
Parity | ||||
1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
2 | 0.91(0.79,1.05) | 0.194 | 0.84(0.71,0.98) | <0.05 |
>2 | 0.76(0.57,0.99) | <0.05 | 0.83(0.62,1.12) | 0.228 |
Wealth index | ||||
Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Middle | 0.93(0.81,1.06) | 0.280 | 1.05(0.91,1.22) | 0.496 |
Wealthiest | 0.90(0.80,0.99) | <0.05 | 1.09(0.92,1.28) | 0.313 |
Mothers’ age, years | 1.00(0.99,1.03) | 0.252 | 1.02(1.01,1.04) | <0.01 |
Breastfeeding duration | 0.99(0.98,1.00) | <0.05 | 0.995(0.991,0.999) | <0.05 |
County characteristics | ||||
Altitude, m | ||||
<500 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
500 ~ 1500 | 1.03(0.70,1.53) | 0.868 | 1.19(0.69,2.04) | 0.530 |
>1500 | 2.47(1.58,3.84) | <0.001 | 1.86(1.05,3.64) | <0.05 |
Random part | ||||
u 0j | 0.4 + 0.1 | <0.001 | −1.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
VPC | 10.2% | - | 16.2% | - |