| | | |
Munich (n 2075)
|
Leipzig (n 319)
|
Bad Honnef (n 161)
|
Wesel (n 1285)
| |
|---|
| | | |
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
p-Value*
|
|---|
|
Physical activity
a
(per week)
| | | | | | |
|
Summer
|
Light
|
< 6 h
|
30.4
|
24.8
|
24.2
|
20.4
|
<.0001
|
| | |
6-14 h
|
46.3
|
44.5
|
46.6
|
41.9
| |
| | |
> 14 h
|
23.3
|
30.7
|
29.2
|
37.7
| |
| |
Moderate
|
< 5 h
|
34.9
|
29.5
|
32.9
|
22.8
|
<.0001
|
| | |
5-9 h
|
34.8
|
40.1
|
28.0
|
33.5
| |
| | |
> 9 h
|
30.2
|
30.4
|
39.1
|
43.7
| |
| |
Vigorous
|
< 4 h
|
39.3
|
37.3
|
38.5
|
31.4
|
0.0003
|
| | |
4-6 h
|
34.4
|
35.4
|
29.8
|
37.6
| |
| | |
> 6 h
|
26.3
|
27.3
|
31.7
|
31.1
| |
|
Winter
|
Light
|
< 5 h
|
31.8
|
24.8
|
29.8
|
23.6
|
<.0001
|
| | |
5-11 h
|
47.4
|
48.0
|
44.7
|
42.8
| |
| | |
> 11 h
|
20.8
|
27.3
|
25.5
|
33.6
| |
| |
Moderate
|
< 3 h
|
33.0
|
26.3
|
29.8
|
21.7
|
<.0001
|
| | |
3-6 h
|
42.6
|
48.9
|
41.6
|
41.0
| |
| | |
> 6 h
|
24.4
|
24.8
|
28.6
|
37.3
| |
| |
Vigorous
|
< 3 h
|
38.0
|
26.7
|
32.3
|
28.9
|
<.0001
|
| | |
3-4 h
|
32.5
|
36.4
|
29.8
|
33.9
| |
| | |
> 4 h
|
29.5
|
37.0
|
37.9
|
37.3
| |
|
Biological
| | | | | | | |
|
Sex
| |
Boys
|
52.3
|
52.4
|
50.9
|
51.5
|
0.9593
|
|
BMI
b
| |
Underweight
|
9.9
|
6.6
|
7.1
|
7.4
|
<.0001
|
| | |
Normal weight
|
83.4
|
86.6
|
78.7
|
80.0
| |
| | |
Overweight
|
4.9
|
4.9
|
10.3
|
9.3
| |
| | |
Obese
|
1.8
|
2.0
|
3.9
|
3.3
| |
|
Start of puberty
| |
Yes
|
30.3
|
34.7
|
31.5
|
27.7
|
0.0784
|
|
Siblings
| |
Yes
|
86.6
|
82.8
|
89.4
|
91.1
|
<.0001
|
|
Parental BMI
c
|
Mother
|
Underweight
|
3.1
|
2.4
|
3.9
|
1.5
|
<.0001
|
| | |
Normal weight
|
72.9
|
65.8
|
64.7
|
67.1
| |
| | |
Overweight
|
17.4
|
22.4
|
21.6
|
22.3
| |
| | |
Obese
|
6.7
|
9.5
|
9.8
|
9.2
| |
| |
Father
|
Underweight
|
0.3
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.2
|
<.0001
|
| | |
Normal weight
|
47.5
|
45.0
|
43.2
|
37.1
| |
| | |
Overweight
|
43.9
|
43.5
|
45.3
|
47.7
| |
| | |
Obese
|
8.3
|
11.4
|
11.5
|
15.0
| |
|
Social
| | | | | | |
|
Paternal education
d
|
Low
|
3.7
|
1.3
|
3.8
|
11.0
|
<.0001
|
| | |
Middle
|
17.2
|
36.6
|
21.9
|
37.9
| |
| | |
High
|
79.2
|
62.2
|
74.4
|
51.1
| |
|
Household income
e
|
Low
|
6.7
|
4.6
|
5.7
|
6.4
|
0.0667
|
| | |
Middle
|
23.4
|
22.0
|
31.2
|
20.5
| |
| | |
High
|
69.9
|
73.4
|
63.1
|
73.0
| |
|
Behavioral
| | | | | | | |
|
TV/PC (per day)
|
Summer
|
< 1 h
|
74.9
|
64.3
|
67.9
|
57.9
|
<.0001
|
| | |
1-2 h
|
23.9
|
32.6
|
29.6
|
40.3
| |
| | |
> 2 h
|
1.2
|
3.1
|
2.5
|
1.9
| |
| |
Winter
|
< 1 h
|
43.7
|
30.9
|
22.6
|
16.4
|
<.0001
|
| | |
1-2 h
|
50.1
|
53.6
|
66.7
|
66.0
| |
| | |
> 2 h
|
6.3
|
15.5
|
10.7
|
17.6
| |
|
Method of arriving school
f
|
Active
|
67.9
|
47.3
|
50.6
|
68.5
|
<.0001
|
| | |
Passive
|
25.1
|
43.9
|
38.1
|
23.2
| |
| | |
Mixed
|
7.0
|
8.8
|
11.3
|
8.3
| |
|
Membership of a sports club
|
Yes
|
85.9
|
76.3
|
89.4
|
85.6
|
<.0001
|
|
Time Outdoors (h per day)
| | | | | | |
| |
Summer
|
< 3 h
|
15.8
|
13.9
|
5.6
|
4.7
|
<.0001
|
| | |
3-5 h
|
70.9
|
70.0
|
67.5
|
64.0
| |
| | |
> 5 h
|
13.3
|
16.1
|
26.9
|
31.3
| |
| |
Winter
|
< 2 h
|
36.4
|
31.0
|
28.3
|
20.5
|
<.0001
|
| | |
2-3 h
|
57.9
|
60.2
|
63.5
|
64.8
| |
| | |
> 3 h
|
5.7
|
8.8
|
8.2
|
14.7
| |
|
Psychological
| | | | | | |
|
Emotional Symptoms
g
|
Normal
|
82.6
|
82.7
|
85.4
|
82.7
|
0.4985
|
| | |
Borderline
|
6.9
|
8.2
|
5.7
|
8.4
| |
| | |
Abnormal
|
10.5
|
9.2
|
8.9
|
9.0
| |
-
*p-values from Pearsons Chi-Quadrat Test; aPhysical activity: light activity (no sweating. normal respiration. like walking). moderate activity (some sweating. moderately increased respiration. like cycling/swimming) and vigorous activity (strong sweating. fast respiration like ball games/training); bBMI according to the classification by Kromeyer-Hauschild et al.; cParental BMI according to WHO classification; dParental education: low (less than tenth grade). moderate (tenth grade). high (more than tenth grade); eHousehold income adjusted for size of household and study region (class size based on distribution of parternal education); fHow they reach school: active (by foot or by bike). passive (by car. bus or train). mixed (alternate active and passive way to school); gEmotional symptoms according to the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
