| | | |
Total (n 3840)
|
Boys (n 1997)
|
Girls (n 1843)
| |
|---|
| | | |
%
|
%
|
%
|
p-Value*
|
|---|
|
Outcome
| | | | | |
|
Physical activity
a
(per week)
| | | | | |
|
Summer
|
Light
|
< 6 h
|
26.3
|
27.6
|
24.9
|
0.0569
|
| |
6 – 14 h
|
44.7
|
44.8
|
44.6
| |
| |
> 14 h
|
29.0
|
27.6
|
30.6
| |
|
Moderate
|
< 5 h
|
30.3
|
28.4
|
32.5
|
0.0113
|
| |
5 – 9 h
|
34.5
|
34.7
|
34.4
| |
| |
> 9 h
|
35.1
|
36.9
|
33.2
| |
|
Vigorous
|
< 4 h
|
36.5
|
26.2
|
47.5
|
<.0001
|
| |
4 – 6 h
|
35.3
|
37.8
|
32.7
| |
| |
> 6 h
|
28.2
|
36.0
|
19.8
| |
|
Winter
|
Light
|
< 5 h
|
28.4
|
28.7
|
28.1
|
0.8874
|
| |
5 – 11 h
|
45.8
|
45.7
|
45.9
| |
| |
> 11 h
|
25.8
|
25.6
|
26.1
| |
|
Moderate
|
< 3 h
|
28.5
|
26.9
|
30.3
|
0.0175
|
| |
3 – 6 h
|
42.6
|
42.5
|
42.6
| |
| |
> 6 h
|
28.9
|
30.6
|
27.1
| |
|
Vigorous
|
< 3 h
|
33.8
|
27.7
|
40.4
|
<.0001
|
| |
3 – 4 h
|
33.2
|
32.6
|
33.8
| |
| |
> 4 h
|
33.1
|
39.7
|
25.9
| |
|
Biological
| | | | | | |
|
BMI
b
| |
Underweight
|
8.7
|
8.7
|
8.7
|
0.6698
|
| |
Normal weight
|
82.3
|
81.9
|
82.8
| |
| |
Overweight
|
6.6
|
6.7
|
6.5
| |
| |
Obese
|
2.4
|
2.7
|
2.1
| |
|
Start of puberty
| |
yes
|
29.9
|
12.2
|
49.0
|
<.0001
|
|
Siblings
| |
yes
|
87.9
|
87.7
|
88.1
|
0.6928
|
|
Parental BMI
c
|
Mother
|
Underweight
|
2.5
|
2.4
|
2.6
|
0.4895
|
| |
Normal weight
|
70.0
|
69.7
|
70.3
| |
| |
Overweight
|
19.6
|
20.4
|
18.8
| |
| |
Obese
|
7.9
|
7.4
|
8.3
| |
|
Father
|
Underweight
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
0.1
|
0.2545
|
| |
Normal weight
|
43.6
|
44.3
|
42.8
| |
| |
Overweight
|
45.2
|
44.6
|
46.0
| |
| |
Obese
|
11.0
|
10.8
|
11.2
| |
|
Social
| | | | | |
|
Parental education
d
|
Low
|
5.9
|
6.5
|
5.3
|
0.2067
|
| | |
Moderate
|
26.0
|
26.5
|
25.4
| |
| | |
High
|
68.1
|
67.0
|
69.3
| |
|
Household income
e
|
Low
|
6.4
|
6.7
|
6.1
|
0.2522
|
| | |
Moderate
|
22.7
|
23.6
|
21.7
| |
| | |
High
|
70.9
|
69.7
|
72.2
| |
|
Behavioral
| | | | | | |
|
TV/PC (per day)
|
Summer
|
< 1 h
|
68.0
|
64.3
|
72.0
|
<.0001
|
| |
1 – 2 h
|
30.4
|
33.6
|
26.8
| |
| |
> 2 h
|
1.6
|
2.1
|
1.2
| |
|
Winter
|
< 1 h
|
32.6
|
29.6
|
35.8
|
<.0001
|
| |
1 – 2 h
|
56.4
|
57.6
|
55.1
| |
| |
> 2 h
|
11.0
|
12.8
|
9.1
| |
|
Method of arriving school
f
|
Active
|
65.6
|
66.6
|
64.6
|
0.3355
|
| | |
Passive
|
26.6
|
25.6
|
27.7
| |
| | |
Mixed
|
7.8
|
7.8
|
7.8
| |
|
Membership of a sports club
|
yes
|
85.1
|
86.8
|
83.3
|
0.0021
|
|
Time Outdoors (h per day)
| |
|
Summer
|
< 3 h
|
11.5
|
10.7
|
12.4
|
0.2373
|
| |
3 – 5 h
|
68.4
|
69.3
|
67.4
| |
| |
> 5 h
|
20.1
|
20.0
|
20.2
| |
|
Winter
|
< 2 h
|
30.3
|
27.6
|
33.2
|
0.0002
|
| |
2 – 3 h
|
60.7
|
62.2
|
59.0
| |
| |
> 3 h
|
9.1
|
10.2
|
7.8
| |
|
Psychological
| | | | | |
|
Emotional Symptoms
g
|
Normal
|
82.7
|
83.2
|
83.2
|
0.3519
|
| | |
Borderline
|
7.4
|
6.8
|
8.1
| |
| | |
Abnormal
|
9.8
|
10.0
|
9.7
| |
-
*p-values from Pearsons Chi-Quadrat Test; aPhysical activity: light activity (no sweating. normal respiration. like walking). moderate activity (some sweating. moderately increased respiration. like cycling/swimming) and vigorous activity (strong sweating. fast respiration like ball games/training); bBMI according to the classification by Kromeyer-Hauschild et al.; cParental BMI according to WHO classification; dParental education: low (less than tenth grade). moderate (tenth grade). high (more than tenth grade); eHousehold income adjusted for size of household and study region (class size based on distribution of parternal education); fHow they reach school: active (by foot or by bike). passive (by car. bus or train). mixed (alternate active and passive way to school); gEmotional symptoms according to the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
