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Table 2 Characteristics of the study population: school children (10 years), stratified by sex

From: Physical activity and its correlates in children: a cross-sectional study (the GINIplus & LISAplus studies)

    Total (n 3840) Boys (n 1997) Girls (n 1843)  
    % % % p-Value*
Outcome      
Physical activity a (per week)      
Summer Light < 6 h 26.3 27.6 24.9 0.0569
  6 – 14 h 44.7 44.8 44.6  
  > 14 h 29.0 27.6 30.6  
Moderate < 5 h 30.3 28.4 32.5 0.0113
  5 – 9 h 34.5 34.7 34.4  
  > 9 h 35.1 36.9 33.2  
Vigorous < 4 h 36.5 26.2 47.5 <.0001
  4 – 6 h 35.3 37.8 32.7  
  > 6 h 28.2 36.0 19.8  
Winter Light < 5 h 28.4 28.7 28.1 0.8874
  5 – 11 h 45.8 45.7 45.9  
  > 11 h 25.8 25.6 26.1  
Moderate < 3 h 28.5 26.9 30.3 0.0175
  3 – 6 h 42.6 42.5 42.6  
  > 6 h 28.9 30.6 27.1  
Vigorous < 3 h 33.8 27.7 40.4 <.0001
  3 – 4 h 33.2 32.6 33.8  
  > 4 h 33.1 39.7 25.9  
Biological       
BMI b   Underweight 8.7 8.7 8.7 0.6698
  Normal weight 82.3 81.9 82.8  
  Overweight 6.6 6.7 6.5  
  Obese 2.4 2.7 2.1  
Start of puberty   yes 29.9 12.2 49.0 <.0001
Siblings   yes 87.9 87.7 88.1 0.6928
Parental BMI c Mother Underweight 2.5 2.4 2.6 0.4895
  Normal weight 70.0 69.7 70.3  
  Overweight 19.6 20.4 18.8  
  Obese 7.9 7.4 8.3  
Father Underweight 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2545
  Normal weight 43.6 44.3 42.8  
  Overweight 45.2 44.6 46.0  
  Obese 11.0 10.8 11.2  
Social      
Parental education d Low 5.9 6.5 5.3 0.2067
   Moderate 26.0 26.5 25.4  
   High 68.1 67.0 69.3  
Household income e Low 6.4 6.7 6.1 0.2522
   Moderate 22.7 23.6 21.7  
   High 70.9 69.7 72.2  
Behavioral       
TV/PC (per day) Summer < 1 h 68.0 64.3 72.0 <.0001
  1 – 2 h 30.4 33.6 26.8  
  > 2 h 1.6 2.1 1.2  
Winter < 1 h 32.6 29.6 35.8 <.0001
  1 – 2 h 56.4 57.6 55.1  
  > 2 h 11.0 12.8 9.1  
Method of arriving school f Active 65.6 66.6 64.6 0.3355
   Passive 26.6 25.6 27.7  
   Mixed 7.8 7.8 7.8  
Membership of a sports club yes 85.1 86.8 83.3 0.0021
Time Outdoors (h per day)  
Summer < 3 h 11.5 10.7 12.4 0.2373
  3 – 5 h 68.4 69.3 67.4  
  > 5 h 20.1 20.0 20.2  
Winter < 2 h 30.3 27.6 33.2 0.0002
  2 – 3 h 60.7 62.2 59.0  
  > 3 h 9.1 10.2 7.8  
Psychological      
Emotional Symptoms g Normal 82.7 83.2 83.2 0.3519
   Borderline 7.4 6.8 8.1  
   Abnormal 9.8 10.0 9.7  
  1. *p-values from Pearsons Chi-Quadrat Test; aPhysical activity: light activity (no sweating. normal respiration. like walking). moderate activity (some sweating. moderately increased respiration. like cycling/swimming) and vigorous activity (strong sweating. fast respiration like ball games/training); bBMI according to the classification by Kromeyer-Hauschild et al.; cParental BMI according to WHO classification; dParental education: low (less than tenth grade). moderate (tenth grade). high (more than tenth grade); eHousehold income adjusted for size of household and study region (class size based on distribution of parternal education); fHow they reach school: active (by foot or by bike). passive (by car. bus or train). mixed (alternate active and passive way to school); gEmotional symptoms according to the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
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