|
Gender
|
404
|
870
| | |
|
Male
|
212 (52.5)
|
501 (57.6)
|
1
| |
|
Female
|
192 (47.5)
|
369 (42.4)
|
1.23
|
0.97-1.56*
|
|
Age
|
400
|
853
| | |
|
<5 years
|
120 (30.0)
|
176 (20.6)
|
1.53
|
1.05-2.24*
|
|
5-9 years
|
77 (19.3)
|
180 (21.1)
|
0.96
|
0.64-1.44
|
|
10-19 years
|
92 (23.0)
|
225 (26.4)
|
0.92
|
0.62-1.35
|
|
20-29 years
|
50 (12.5)
|
135 (15.8)
|
0.83
|
0.53-1.30
|
|
≥30 years
|
61 (15.3)
|
137 (16.1)
|
1
| |
|
Treatment center
|
404
|
882
| | |
|
Gedarif Teaching Hospital
|
18 (4.4)
|
450 (51.0)
|
1
| |
|
Tabarakallah Hospital
|
84 (20.8)
|
237 (26.9)
|
8.86
|
5.20-15.10*
|
|
Al`Azaza kala-azar Clinic
|
302 (74.8)
|
195 (22.1)
|
38.72
|
23.38-64.11*
|
|
Season
|
398
|
863
| | |
|
Dry season
|
232 (58.3)
|
528 (61.2)
|
1
| |
|
Wet season
|
166 (41.7)
|
335 (38.8)
|
1.13
|
0.89-1.44
|
|
Previous anti-leishmanial treatment
|
389
|
860
| | |
|
No
|
373 (95.9)
|
806 (93.7)
|
1
| |
|
Yes
|
16 (4.1)
|
54 (6.3)
|
0.64
|
0.36-1.13
|
|
Previous anti-malarial treatment
|
396
|
864
| | |
|
No
|
277 (70.0)
|
604 (69.9)
|
1
| |
|
Yes
|
119 (30.0)
|
260 (30.1)
|
1.00
|
0.77-1.29
|
|
Malnutrition
|
322
|
575
| | |
|
None
|
262 (81.4)
|
497 (86.4)
|
1
| |
|
Mild
|
17 (5.3)
|
25 (4.3)
|
1.29
|
0.68-2.43
|
|
Moderate
|
29 (9.0)
|
41 (7.1)
|
1.34
|
0.82-2.21
|
|
Severe
|
14 (4.4)
|
12 (2.1)
|
2.21
|
1.01-4.85*
|
|
Anemia degree on admission
|
374
|
725
| | |
|
Median Hb (inter-quartile range)
|
7.0 (6.5-8.0)
|
8.0 (7.0-9.0)
| | |
|
None-mild (Hb ≥7.3 g/dl)
|
182 (48.7)
|
445 (61.4)
|
1
| |
|
Moderate (Hb 5.3-7.2 g/dl)
|
149 (39.8)
|
210 (29.0)
|
1.73
|
1.32-2.28*
|
|
Severe (Hb <5.3 g/dl)
|
43 (11.5)
|
70 (9.7)
|
1.50
|
0.99-2.28*
|
|
Spleen size
|
238
|
563
| | |
|
Median (inter-quartile range)
|
4.0 (2.0-6.0)
|
5.0 (2.0-8.0)
| | |
|
0-3 cm
|
94 (39.5)
|
150 (26.6)
|
1
| |
|
4-5 cm
|
79 (33.2)
|
141 (25.0)
|
0.89
|
0.61-1.30
|
|
≥6 cm
|
65 (27.3)
|
272 (48.3)
|
0.38
|
0.26-0.55*
|
|
Infection intensity in lymph node aspirate
|
377
|
447
| | |
|
+1
|
339 (89.9)
|
418 (93.5)
|
1
| |
|
+2
|
24 (6.4)
|
20 (4.5)
|
1.48
|
0.80-2.72
|
|
+3
|
11 (2.9)
|
8 (1.8)
|
1.70
|
0.67-4.26
|
|
+4
|
3 (0.8)
|
1 (0.2)
|
3.70
|
0.38-35.72
|
|
Infection intensity in bone marrow aspirate
|
16
|
248
| | |
|
+1
|
15 (93.8)
|
244 (98.4)
|
1
| |
|
+2
|
1 (6.2)
|
4 (1.6)
|
4.07
|
0.43-38.68
|
|
Symptoms
|
404
|
880
| | |
|
Hepatomegaly
|
19 (4.7)
|
128 (14.5)
|
0.29
|
0.18-0.48*
|
|
Jaundice
|
19 (4.7)
|
15 (1.7)
|
2.85
|
1.43-5.66*
|
|
Weight loss
|
278 (68.8)
|
370 (42.0)
|
3.04
|
2.37-3.90*
|
