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Table 2 Sociodemographic differences in the prevalence and pattern of opium use among males in different tribes of Arunachal Pradesh

From: Correlates of opium use: retrospective analysis of a survey of tribal communities in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Variables

Khamti

Singhpho

Tangsa

Tutsa

Total

N

Opium user (%)

N

Opium user (%)

N

Opium user (%)

N

Opium user (%)

N

Opium user (%)

Age (years)

          

 15–34

40

10

123

12.2

823

3.9

68

-

1054

4.8

 35–54

24

45.8a

58

41.4a

366

10.9

23

17.4

471

16.8

 ≥55

10

60.0a

33

36.4a

213

17.8

14

35.7

270

22.6

  χ 2 (d.f. =2)

 

p< 0.001

 

p< 0.001

 

p< 0.001

 

-

 

p< 0.001

Education

          

 Illiterate

14

50.0a

56

39.3a

595

11.4

45

15.6

710

14.6

 Primary

13

30.8ab

57

38.6a

277

7.6

24

-

371

12.7

 Middle

43

20.9b

85

8.2

425

4.0a

33

6.1

586

6.0a

 Secondary or above

4

25.0ab

16

-

105

3.8a

3

-

128

3.9a

  χ 2 (d.f. =3)

 

p< 0.05

 

p< 0.001

 

p< 0.001

 

-

 

p< 0.001

Occupation

          

 Unemployed

21

-

58

1.7

364

0.6

33

-

476

0.6

 Employed

8

-

15

-

134

7.5a

13

15.4

170

7.1

 Self employed

45

46.7

141

35.5

904

10.8a

59

11.9

1149

15.3

  χ 2 (d.f. =2)

 

-

 

-

 

p< 0.001

 

-

 

p< 0.001

Marital status

          

 Unmarried

30

3.3

88

4.6

581

2.1

63

-

762

2.2

 Married

43

46.5

115

36.5a

740

11.4

38

18.4

966

15.8

 Widower

1

-

11

45.5a

51

27.5

4

50

67

31.3

  χ 2 (d.f. =2)

 

-

 

p< 0.001

 

p< 0.001

 

-

 

p< 0.001

Religion

          

 Buddhist

74

28.4

214

23.9

151

8.0a

-

-

438

19.2a

 Christian

-

-

-

-

386

2.9

-

-

386

2.9

 Hindu

-

-

-

-

692

7.4a

54

13

746

7.8

 Indigenous

-

-

-

-

173

20.8

51

3.9

225

16.9a

  χ 2 (d.f. =3)

 

-

 

-

 

p< 0.001

 

-

 

p< 0.001

Household size

          

 2–3 (Small)

8

25.0a

27

48.2

266

9.0a

11

18.2a

312

13.1a

 4–6 (Medium)

34

23.5a

108

25.9

627

10.1a

40

10.0ab

809

12.7a

 ≥ 7 (Large)

32

34.4a

79

12.7

509

4.5

54

5.6b

674

7.0

  χ 2 (d.f. =2)

 

p > 0.05

 

p< 0.001

 

p< 0.05

 

p< 0.05

 

p< 0.001

Total

74

28.4

214

23.8

1402

7.8

105

8.6

1795

10.6

  1. a,b: values marked by similar letter (a or b not in superscript) shows no significance difference; χ 2– Chi-square; d.f.- degree of freedom.