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Table 3 Prevalence of current smoking and frequent mental distress by individual ACEs and ACE score, 2009 BRFSS

From: Adverse childhood experiences and frequent insufficient sleep in 5 U.S. States, 2009: a retrospective cohort study

Adverse childhood experience

Current smoking % (95% CI)

Frequent mental distress % (95% CI)

Verbal abuse

  

No

16.1 (15.0-17.2)

8.2 ( 7.4- 9.0)

Yes

26.4 (24.4-28.4)

18.2 (16.5-20.0)

Physical abuse

  

No

17.1 (16.1-18.1)

9.1 ( 8.3- 9.9)

Yes

28.5 (25.8-31.2)

21.1 (18.7-23.4)

Sexual abuse

  

No

17.6 (16.6-18.6)

9.4 ( 8.6-10.2)

Yes

27.4 (24.5-30.3)

21.2 (18.8-23.6)

Substance abusing household member

  

No

15.5 (14.5-16.6)

8.3 ( 7.5- 9.1)

Yes

26.7 (24.6-28.8)

17.0 (15.3-18.7)

Mentally ill household member

  

No

17.4 (16.3-18.4)

8.8 ( 8.0- 9.6)

Yes

24.6 (22.4-26.9)

19.3 (17.3-21.3)

Witnessing domestic violence

  

No

17.1 (16.1-18.0)

9.2 ( 8.4- 9.9)

Yes

27.7 (24.7-30.6)

19.4 (16.9-21.9)

Incarcerated household member

  

No

17.3 (16.4-18.3)

9.9 ( 9.2-10.6)

Yes

37.5 (32.0-43.0)

22.9 (18.4-27.4)

Parental separation/ divorce

  

No

15.8 (14.8-16.7)

9.6 ( 8.8-10.4)

Yes

27.1 (24.7-29.5)

14.2 (12.3-16.1)

ACE score

  

0

13.0 (11.7-14.2)

6.0 ( 5.1- 6.9)

1

17.9 (15.9-19.9)

8.9 ( 7.2-10.5)

2

19.5 (16.6-22.4)

11.1 ( 9.3-12.9)

3

21.4 (18.2-24.6)

16.8 (13.5-20.0)

4

27.8 (23.0-32.5)

17.2 (13.8-20.6)

≥5

37.8 (33.7-41.9)

27.3 (23.6-30.9)