Table 1 Participant characteristics over all and by psychological distress status (column%) a
Overall (N = 9,524) | Well/Mild (81.3%) | Moderate (11.7%) | Severe (7.0%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 37.8 (0.20) | 36.5 (0.22) | 42.4 (0.62) | 45.8 (0.80) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 44.0% | 45.8% | 34.8% | 38.8% |
Female | 56.0% | 54.2% | 65.2% | 61.2% |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 62.7% | 60.7% | 72.6% | 69.4% |
Formerly married | 10.0% | 8.7% | 14.3% | 17.9% |
Never married | 27.3% | 30.6% | 13.1% | 12.7% |
Education | ||||
None | 30.4% | 25.3% | 49.0% | 58.0% |
Primary or less | 20.6% | 21.6% | 16.7% | 14.8% |
Middle/JSS | 36.5% | 39.1% | 26.5% | 22.3% |
Secondary and above | 12.6% | 14.0% | 7.9% | 4.9% |
Residential location | ||||
Urban | 33.6% | 35.7% | 24.5% | 23.8% |
Rural | 66.4% | 64.3% | 75.5% | 76.2% |
Region | ||||
Western | 10.0% | 10.1% | 11.5% | 7.2% |
Central | 9.5% | 9.9% | 7.6% | 7.4% |
Gt. Accra | 10.5% | 11.8% | 6.1% | 2.8% |
Volta | 10.4% | 10.7% | 10.3% | 7.0% |
Eastern | 11.3% | 11.0% | 11.4% | 14.4% |
Ashanti | 18.1% | 19.3% | 11.8% | 14.4% |
Brong Ahafo | 7.7% | 7.9% | 7.2% | 5.8% |
Northern | 12.6% | 10.0% | 19.9% | 30.7% |
Upper East | 5.5% | 4.9% | 9.5% | 6.7% |
Upper West | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.8% | 3.6% |
Wealth index | ||||
First quintile (Poorest) | 19.9% | 19.3% | 24.0% | 20.0% |
Second quintile | 20.7% | 19.0% | 26.6% | 31.1% |
Third quintile | 18.4% | 19.3% | 15.1% | 13.9% |
Fourth quintile | 19.2% | 19.1% | 18.8% | 21.5% |
Fifth quintile (Wealthiest) | 21.7% | 23.3% | 15.6% | 13.5% |
Self-rated health | ||||
Very healthy | 77.2% | 80.9% | 63.2% | 57.8% |
Somewhat healthy | 15.9% | 14.0% | 22.9% | 26.3% |
Unhealthy | 6.9% | 5.1% | 13.9% | 15.9% |
Religion | ||||
Christian | 71.9% | 74.9% | 61.5% | 54.6% |
Muslim | 17.5% | 16.1% | 21.4% | 27.2% |
Traditional | 5.8% | 4.7% | 10.6% | 10.8% |
No religion | 4.8% | 4.3% | 6.6% | 7.3% |
Women who have been in a relationship in the past 12 months | ||||
Important decisions should be made only by the men of the family | ||||
Agree | 30.4% | 27.6% | 39.6% | 42.3% |
Disagree | 69.6% | 72.4% | 60.4% | 57.7% |
A wife has a right to express her opinion | ||||
Agree | 86.5% | 87.6% | 82.9% | 81.9% |
Disagree | 13.5% | 12.4% | 17.1% | 18.1% |
A wife should tolerate being beaten in order to keep the family together | ||||
Agree | 23.6% | 19.7% | 35.1% | 42.6% |
Disagree | 76.4% | 80.3% | 64.9% | 57.4% |
Partner control+ (Range: 0 – 4) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.8 (0.04) | 0.9 (0.06) |
Emotional abuse | ||||
Yes | 26.8% | 25.5% | 33.0% | 27.8% |
No | 73.2% | 74.5% | 67.0% | 72.2% |
Physical abuse | ||||
Yes | 4.6% | 4.0% | 5.1% | 9.5% |
No | 95.4% | 96.0% | 94.9% | 90.5% |