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Table 2 Univariate multilevel analysis of PMTCT performance by site-, program- and contextual-level predictors: testing, treating and nevirapine coverage ratio (NCR)

From: Scaling up prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel assessment of site-, program- and country-level determinants of performance

 

Number of sites

Tested women percentage

p-value

Treated women percentage

p-value

NCR

p-value

Site characteristics

       

Type of health facility

       

  Primary care clinic

185

61.6

0.79

73.8

0.47

46.8

0.53

  General or University Hospital

84

61.2

 

62.4

 

37.4

 

Activity (antenatal care)

       

  < 30 / month

90

61.6

0.01

73.7

0.06

45.5

0.05

  30 - 100 / month

84

56.7

 

63.5

 

35.8

 

  >100 / month

95

65.6

 

72.8

 

49.4

 

Program characteristics

       

Type of institution responsible

       

  Public

113

62.5

0.81

66.4

0.28

42.8

0.47

  Private/NGO

156

60.8

 

72.9

 

44.6

 

Number of sites

       

  <Median (1–3)

16

56.4

0.27

61.9

0.92

35.3

0.38

  >Median (4–80)

253

61.8

 

70.7

 

44.4

 

Country-level characteristics

       

African region

       

  South

67

81.2

0.23

82.2

0.05

67.9

0.03

  West

62

52.0

 

67.9

 

35.7

 

  Centre

51

65.6

 

53.8

 

33.8

 

  East

89

50.9

 

72.2

 

37.1

 

Prevalence of HIV (% of 15-49y)

       

  <Median (1.2-5.4)

110

57.8

0.32

61.1

0.002

34.4

0.01

  >Median (6.4-23.4)

159

64.0

 

76.5

 

50.4

 

% Tested for HIV

       

  <Median (2.8-6.3)

95

54.7

0.22

66.4

0.14

35.7

0.05

  >Median (7.1-19.6)

170

65.8

 

72.9

 

48.9

 

% Have heard of AIDS

       

  <Median (91.8-96.9)

101

59.1

0.79

70.6

0.98

42.8

0.92

  >Median (98.8-99.9)

165

63.6

 

70.8

 

45.2

 

% Accepting (stigma)

       

  <Median (5.1-29.3)

131

62.8

0.66

70.8

0.31

45.0

0.26

  >Median (30.2-48.5)

134

60.9

 

70.4

 

43.3

 

% With knowledge about PMTCT

       

  <Median (2.7-33.1)

121

53.6

0.09

67.2

0.14

34.8

0.01

  >Median (33.3-66.2)

144

68.8

 

73.5

 

52.0

 

% With comprehensive knowledge about AIDS

       

  <Median (18.7-30.5)

89

53.4

0.17

66.7

0.54

35.0

0.12

  >Median (36.5-55.3)

163

63.6

 

70.7

 

45.2

 

Rural population (% of total population)

       

  <Median (17.1-65.0)

122

67.3

0.26

76.2

0.44

53.4

0.18

  >Median (68.4-87.6)

147

57.3

 

66.8

 

37.2

 

Healthcare expenditure (% of GDP*)

       

  <Median (3.0-6.7)

171

50.9

<10 -4

70.5

0.92

36.4

0.10

  >Median (7.0-10.0)

98

80.0

 

69.7

 

56.9

 

GDP per capita ($)

       

  <Median (144.6-615.8)

141

57.1

0.58

66.7

0.80

36.9

0.75

  >Median (1295.3-13338.8))

128

66.4

 

74.1

 

51.5

 
  1. *Gross Domestic Product.
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