Scaling up prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel assessment of site-, program- and country-level determinants of performance

Etienne Audureau; James G Kahn; Marie-Hélène Besson; Joseph Saba; Joël Ladner

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-286

Table 2 Univariate multilevel analysis of PMTCT performance by site-, program- and contextual-level predictors: testing, treating and nevirapine coverage ratio (NCR)

From: Scaling up prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel assessment of site-, program- and country-level determinants of performance

	Number of sites	Tested women percentage	p-value	Treated women percentage	p-value	NCR	p-value
*Site characteristics*
Type of health facility
Primary care clinic	185	61.6	0.79	73.8	0.47	46.8	0.53
General or University Hospital	84	61.2		62.4		37.4
Activity (antenatal care)
< 30 / month	90	61.6	0.01	73.7	0.06	45.5	0.05
30 - 100 / month	84	56.7		63.5		35.8
>100 / month	95	65.6		72.8		49.4
*Program characteristics*
Type of institution responsible
Public	113	62.5	0.81	66.4	0.28	42.8	0.47
Private/NGO	156	60.8		72.9		44.6
Number of sites
<Median (1–3)	16	56.4	0.27	61.9	0.92	35.3	0.38
>Median (4–80)	253	61.8		70.7		44.4
*Country-level characteristics*
African region
South	67	81.2	0.23	82.2	0.05	67.9	0.03
West	62	52.0		67.9		35.7
Centre	51	65.6		53.8		33.8
East	89	50.9		72.2		37.1
Prevalence of HIV (% of 15-49y)
<Median (1.2-5.4)	110	57.8	0.32	61.1	0.002	34.4	0.01
>Median (6.4-23.4)	159	64.0		76.5		50.4
% Tested for HIV
<Median (2.8-6.3)	95	54.7	0.22	66.4	0.14	35.7	0.05
>Median (7.1-19.6)	170	65.8		72.9		48.9
% Have heard of AIDS
<Median (91.8-96.9)	101	59.1	0.79	70.6	0.98	42.8	0.92
>Median (98.8-99.9)	165	63.6		70.8		45.2
% Accepting (stigma)
<Median (5.1-29.3)	131	62.8	0.66	70.8	0.31	45.0	0.26
>Median (30.2-48.5)	134	60.9		70.4		43.3
% With knowledge about PMTCT
<Median (2.7-33.1)	121	53.6	0.09	67.2	0.14	34.8	0.01
>Median (33.3-66.2)	144	68.8		73.5		52.0
% With comprehensive knowledge about AIDS
<Median (18.7-30.5)	89	53.4	0.17	66.7	0.54	35.0	0.12
>Median (36.5-55.3)	163	63.6		70.7		45.2
Rural population (% of total population)
<Median (17.1-65.0)	122	67.3	0.26	76.2	0.44	53.4	0.18
>Median (68.4-87.6)	147	57.3		66.8		37.2
Healthcare expenditure (% of GDP*)
<Median (3.0-6.7)	171	50.9	<10 ^-4	70.5	0.92	36.4	0.10
>Median (7.0-10.0)	98	80.0		69.7		56.9
GDP per capita ($)
<Median (144.6-615.8)	141	57.1	0.58	66.7	0.80	36.9	0.75
>Median (1295.3-13338.8))	128	66.4		74.1		51.5

*Gross Domestic Product.

Back to article page