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Table 3 Adjusted empowerment means for socio-demographic, sex work and program variables for a sample of 1750 female sex workers in south India

From: Community mobilization, empowerment and HIV prevention among female sex workers in south India

Characteristic

All districts

Belgaum Gulbarga and & Gadag (high intensity)

Dharwad and & Solapur (low intensity)

Power within

Power with

Power over

Power within

Power with

Power over

Power within

Power with

Power over

Age

         

18-21 (ref)

-.15

-.08

-.61

.42

.11

-.46

-.97

-.47

-.90

22-25

-.09

-.20

-.56 ‡

.40

.002

-.44

-.76

-.55

-.80

26-30

-.10

-.07

-.18 ‡

.27

.08

-.03 **

-.56 *

-.33

-.46 *

31-35

-.04

-.14

.12 ‡

.32

.03

.30 ‡

-.52 *

-.38

-.22 **

36 +

.03

-.03

.39 ‡

.36

.18

.60 ‡

-.40 *

-.36

.04 ‡

District

         

Belgaum (ref)

.28

.26

.17

.40

.20

.16

   

Gulbarga

.06‡

.11

-.13 ‡

.15‡

.05 ‡

-.14 **

   

Gadag

.42‡

.04

-.01‡

.51 **

-.01**

-.03 ‡

   

Dharwad

-.15‡

-.05

-.19 ‡

   

-.16

.06

-.20

Solapur

-.96‡

-.87

-.68 ‡

   

−1.13 ‡

-.89 ‡

-.73 ‡

Type of sex work

         

Street based (ref)

-.04

-.16

-.20

.32

.14

-.02

-.61

-.58

-.52

Home

-.07**

-.18

-.16

.17

-.03 **

-.03

-.55

-.50

-.45

Contacted by phone

-.18

-.08

-.17

.18 **

.15

-.02

-.75

-.35 *

-.43

Brothel, vehicle, bar/nightcluba.

.02

.01

-.14

.74 ‡

.07 *

.05

-.66

-.25 *

-.48

Client no. past 7 working days

         

< 5 (ref)

-.07

-.18

-.10

.44

.03

.07

-.81

-.53

-.41

5+

-.06

-.03*

-.23

.26 *

.13 *

-.08

-.47 **

-.30

-.52

Total no. of sexual partners past 7 working days

         

<5 (ref)

.04

-.20

-.02

.39

.15

-.05

-.40

-.33

-.48

5+

-.18**

-.17

-.19**

.31

.01

.04

-.88 ‡

-.51

-.46

Member of CBO

         

No (ref)

-.06

-.18

-.16

.34

.04

-.02

-.64

-.54

-.48

Yes

-.07

-.03**

-.17

.36

.12

.01

-.65

-.30 **

-.45

Time since first program contact

         

Less than 6 months (ref)

-.30

-.42

-.12

.19

-.16

-.06

-.69

-.73

-.41

6-12 months ago

-.10*

-.15**

-.19

.33

.07

-.0003

-.62

-.44 **

-.51

1-2 years ago

.02‡

.04

-.20

.38

.14

.04

-.71

-.26 ‡

-.55

>2 years ago

.11‡

.12

-.14

.50 *

.27 *

.01

-.55

-.26 ‡

-.40

Number of times contacted by peer educator in past 6 months

         

<10 (ref)

-.19

-.37

-.20

.14

-.11

.02

-.53

-.68

-.51

10-14

-.20

-.20**

-.11

.13

.02

-.09

-.73

-.66

-.28 **

15-19

-.06*

-.05

-.14

.35 *

.15 *

.05

-.61

-.61

-.50

20-24

.02**

.02

-.08

.42 **

.20 **

.06

-.34

-.42 *

-.30 *

25-29

-.09

-.07**

-.21

.38 *

-.08

.04

-.61

-.73

-.75

30 +

.12‡

.05

-.24

.69 ‡

.29 ‡

-.10

-.60

-.75

-.47

  1. Adjusted means and p-values obtained from a generalized linear model analysis for each predictor variable with the Empowerment variables as the outcomes and all significant socio-economic and sex-work practice variables.
  2. “Power within” represents a sense of individual self-esteem and confidence, “power with” reflects collective identity and solidarity, and “power over resources” reflects access to social entitlements.
  3. a. The sex-work typology categories “brothel, vehicle, bar and night-club” were combined to create categories with more equal n-values. Age was split into categories based on equally sized quintiles.
  4. * = p < .05, ** = p < .01, ‡ = p < .001.