Table 1 Outcome variables and analysis method

CTx bone resorption marker

I & C

I

I & C

Roche Elecsys 2010.Roche Diagnostics, Canterbury Health Endocrine laboratory (CHL). Accredited with IANZ to the ISO 15189

P1NP bone formation marker

I & C

I

I & C

Roche Elecsys 2010.Roche Diagnostics, Canterbury Health Endocrine laboratory.

Cholesterol

I & C

I & C

CHL Enzymatic Cholesterol Oxidase Abbott c8000 analyser. Abbott reagents

Triglycerides

I & C

I & C

CHL Enzymatic hydrolysis of Triglycerides. Abbott c8000/c16000 analyser, Abbott reagents.

LDL

I & C

I & C

CHL calculated as follows: LDL Chol = Total Chol - HDL Chol -(Trigs/2.22) mmol/L.

HDL

I & C

I & C

CHL Enzymatic assay.Abbott c8000 analyser.Abbott reagents

Fibrinogen

I & C

I & C

Fibrinolysis reference plasma (Cat. No. T6010) (Kordia, Leiden, The Netherlands).

PA1

I & C

I & C

Plasma PAI-1_act bio-immunoassay, TriniLIZE PAI-1 activity assay kit (Cat. No. T6004)

CRP

I & C

I & C

Plant and Food Research Auckland FlowCytomix kits (Bender Medsystems, Austria) FC500 MPL flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL

IL6

I & C

I & C

As above

IL10

I & C

I & C

‘’

TNF alpha

I & C

I & C

‘’

OPG

I & C

I & C

‘’

Adiponectin

I & C

I & C

‘’

24hr Calcium

I & C

I & C

E.I.T Research Laboratory - Shimadzu AA-6200 Atomic Absorption Flame Emission Spectrophotometer with air/acetylene flame.(Method adapted from Gimblet El)

24hr Magnesium

I & C

I & C

AAS as above (Method adapted from Gimblet El)

24hr Sodium

I & C

I & C

AAS as above (Method adapted from Castenmillar JM)

24hr Potassium

I & C

I & C

AAS as above (Method adapted from Castenmillar JM)

24hr Creatinine

I & C

I & C

Massey University Nutrition laboratory. Jaffe Method Flexor E, Vital Scientific NV, 6956 AV Spankeren/Dieren, The Netherlands

Iodine

I & C

I & C

Hills Laboratory - inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Selenium

I & C

I & C

Hills Laboratory - inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Dietary assessment

3DDD macro and micronutrient intake

I & C

I & C

3 day food intake (2 week days and 1 weekend) Recipes/packaging.

Foodworks NZ,2009 (Xyris software)

24 hour dietary recall

I

Previous day 24 hour recall second clinic visit nutritionist (NZ reg.)

Estimated NEAP and PRAL

I & C

I & C

Derived from algorithms ([44]) and using Food works (Xyris, NZ) data from 3DDDs

No. serves each food groups

I & C

I & C

Derived from 3DDD nutritionist (NZ reg. ) converted quantities in grams/mls/cups etc. to servings ([35]

F/V/Herb Diary

Intervention group only. Twice weekly- self reported intake

Urine ph (2/wk)

Intervention group Twice weekly self reported urine pH (second void /fasting) Phion Diagnostic Test Strips (0.25 graduations), Apex Wellness Group, UC, Scottsdale, AZ85260, USA

Weight/height BMI

I & C

I & C

Digital scales UWE Gilbarco, NZ / Stadiometer/ BMI =weight/height²

Blood pressure

I & C

I & C

Omron Digital HEM-907 automatic blood pressure monitor (duplicates) high values repeated manually

Waist/hip measurements

I & C

I & C

Anthropometry methods performed by trained nutrition staff using standardised procedures and equipment. Tape measure, Douglas Pharmaceuticals Limited, Auckland.

Body composition and BMD

I & C

DEXA Hologic Discovery QDR 4500A densitometer, Hologic Inc. Bedford, Massachusetts