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Table 3 Baseline characteristics and results of univariate analyses of the predictors in relation to OTC-medication use

From: Prevalence and predictors of over-the-counter medication use among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands

Predctor

N

OTC-medication use (n)

%

No OTC-medication use (n)

%

df

P (Chi2)

OR (95% CI)

Prescription drugs

Yes

148

34

23.0

114

77.0

1

0.000

2.36 (1.54-3.62)

No

1097

123

11.2

974

88.8

   

Age

18-35

1080

132

12.2

948

87.8

1

0.305

 

>35

166

25

15.1

141

84.9

  

1.27 (0.80-2.02)

Ethnicity

Western

1217

150

12.3

1067

87.7

1

0.102

 

Non-western

26

6

23.1

20

79.9

  

2.13 (0.84-5.40)

Nulliparity

Yes

561

88

15.7

473

84.3

 

0.003

1.66 (1.19-2.33)

No

685

69

10.1

616

89.9

1

  

Gravidity

1

482

76

15.8

406

84.2

1

0.007

1.57 (1.13-2.01)

2 or more

764

81

10.6

683

89.4

   

Parity≠

0

561

88

15.7

473

84.3

3

0.028

1.84 (1.06-3.18)

1

500

52

10.4

448

89.6

  

1.15 (0.65-2.04)

2 or more

185

17

9.2

168

90.8

   

Adverse obstetric outcome in history*

No

946

124

13.1

822

86.9

1

0.338

1.22 (0.81-1.84)

Yes

300

33

11.0

267

89.0

   

Miscarriage

Yes

270

29

10.7

241

89.3

1

0.298

 

No

976

128

13.1

848

86.9

  

1.25 (0.82-1.92)

Prematurity/mortality

No

1200

150

12.5

1050

87.5

1

0.586

 

Yes

46

7

15.2

39

84.8

  

1.26 (0.55-2.86)

Educationτ

Low

88

7

8.0

81

92.0

2

0.377

 

Middle

412

55

13.3

357

86.7

  

1.78 (0.78-4.06)

High

744

95

12.8

649

87.2

  

1.69 (0.76-3.78)

Body Mass Index(kg/m 2 )Ξ

<26 >30

1013

119

11.70

894

88.30

1

0.049

 

26-30

230

38

16.5

192

83.5

  

1.49 (1.00-2.21)

Smoking during pregnancy

No

1129

145

12.8

984

87.2

1

0.422

1.29 (0.69-2.40)

Yes

117

12

10.3

105

89.7

   

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy

No

1216

151

12.4

1065

87.6

1

0.185

 

Yes

29

6

20.7

23

79.3

  

1.84 (0.74-4.59)

Health complaints

No

779

74

9.5

705

90.5

1

0.000

 

Yes

401

75

18.7

326

81.3

  

2.19 (1.55-3.10)

General Practitioner visits±

0

695

74

10,6

621

89,4

3

0,013

 

1

260

34

13,1

226

86,9

  

1.26 (0.82-1.95)

2

128

22

17.2

106

82.8

  

1.74 (1.04-2.93)

3 or more

78

17

21.8

61

78.2

  

2.34 (1.30-4.22)

Extra midwife visits†

0

929

104

11.2

825

88.8

3

0.028

 

1

142

25

17.6

117

82.4

  

1.70 (1.05-2.73)

2

67

14

20.9

53

79.1

  

2.10 (1.12-3.91)

3 or more

51

7

13.7

44

86.3

  

1.26 (0.55-2.88)

Other healthcare providers

0

1067

131

12.3

936

87.7

3

0.274

 

1

23

2

8.7

21

91.3

  

0.68 (0.16-2.94)

2

15

1

6.7

14

93.3

  

0.51 (0.07-3.91)

3 or more

85

16

18.8

69

81.2

  

1.66 (0.93-2.94)

Comorbidity‡

No

1099

119

10.8

980

89.2

1

0.000

 

Yes

147

38

25.9

109

74.1

  

2.87 (1.90-4.35)

  1. n = number of women in the group.
  2. The reference categories are dichotomous.
  3. * Adverse obstetric outcome in history includes all cases of miscarriage, prematurity and mortality of the child in the obstetric history.
  4. † Extra midwife visits are visits beside the regular consults by the midwife. No extra midwife visits is the reference category.
  5. ‡ Comorbidity includes any kind of comorbidity (e.g. cardiac disease, lung disease and other chronic diseases) reported by the pregnant women. These comorbidities exclude pregnancy complications.
  6. ± No extra GP visits is the reference category.
  7. ≠ Never gave birth (parity = 0) is the reference category.
  8. T Low-education level is the reference category.
  9. Ξ BMI is pre-pregnancy BMI.
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BMC Public Health

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