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Table 4 Weighted prevalences for risk factors for HIV infection by immigration status

From: HIV risk perception and distribution of HIV risk among African, Caribbean and other Black people in a Canadian city: mixed methods results from the BLACCH study

Risk factors

Other^ (n = 21)

Permanent resident/landed immigrant or refugee (n = 38)

Naturalized Canadian citizen (n = 96)

Canadian-born (n = 29)

P-value

 

wPrev (95% CI)

wPrev (95% CI)

wPrev (95% CI)

wPrev (95% CI)

 

Factors associated with exposure to HIV

     

Age of sexual debut

    

0.516b

  Never had sex

28.1 (13.2, 50.1)

19.9 (6.3, 47.6)

10.1 (5.4, 18.2)

6.9 (1.9, 21.9)

 

  12 years old or younger

21.6 (5.8, 55.2)

——

9.8 (3.3, 25.6)

5.3 (1.0, 23.4)

 

  13 to 15 years old

16.2 (4.9, 42.1)

5.3 (1.5, 17.3)

9.5 (3.8, 21.9)

17.1 (7.1, 36.0)

 

  16 to 18 years old

7.4 (1.8, 26.2)

27.4 (12.3, 50.3)

33.1 (22.3, 46.0)

31.3 (14.8, 54.4)

 

  19+ years old

20.5 (8.6, 41.6)

43.4 (19.8, 70.3)

22.5 (14.5, 33.1)

37.6 (18.2, 62.0)

 

Engaged in transactional sex

10.1 (2.9, 29.6)

——

0.9 (0.14, 5.4)

8.5 (2.3, 26.6)

0.205b

History of forced/unwanted sex

16.7 (5.5, 40.9)

7.8 (2.7, 20.7)

13.7 (7.8, 23.0)

58.5 (37.2, 77.0)

<0.001 a *

Had a sexual partner who injected drugs

——

——

0.7 (0.1, 5.0)

11.0 (3.7, 28.8)

0.105b

Factors associated HIV exposure and transmission

     

Ever test for HIV

61.5 (38.9, 80.0)

80.2 (52.5, 93.7)

41.8 (29.8, 54.9)

72.0 (51.5, 86.1)

0.040 a *

HIV test in Canada, past year

4.9 (0.9, 22.9)

16.2 (7.6, 31.3)

19.2 (10.7, 32.1)

7.4 (2.1, 22.6)

0.212a

Shared drug use equipment

——

——

——

4.2 (0.8, 19.5)

0.380b

Abstinence, lifetime

28.1 (13.2, 50.1)

19.9 (6.3, 47.6)

10.1 (5.4, 18.2)

6.9 (1.9, 21.9)

0.223a

Abstinence, past year

44.7 (24.2, 67.2)

35.6 (16.1, 61.3)

26.6 (17.2, 38.8)

10.0 (3.4, 25.9)

0.140a

Unprotected sex, cohabiting regular partner, past year

22.6 (9.1, 45.8)

50.9 (26.4, 74.9)

56.2 (42.9, 68.6)

44.9 (25.4, 66.2)

0.314a

Unprotected sex, non-cohabiting regular partner, past year

10.3 (3.0, 29.9)

44.9 (21.1, 71.2)

43.7 (31.4, 56.8)

38.1 (20.6, 59.3)

0.240a

Unprotected sex during last intercourse, regular partner

10.3 (3.0, 29.9)

47.0 (23.0, 72.4)

48.0 (35.3, 61.0)

25.8 (12.5, 45.9)

0.072a

Unprotected sex, casual partner, past year

7.5 (1.8, 26.3)

1.5 (0.2, 11.8)

14.8 (6.3, 31.0)

5.5 (1.3, 20.0)

0.090a

Unprotected sex during last intercourse, casual partner

——

27.7 (7.8, 63.5)

11.5 (4.3, 27.5)

5.5 (1.3, 20.0)

0.143b

Never using condom, past year

6.9 (1.5, 26.1)

27.4 (13.8, 47.1)

44.0 (31.3, 57.6)

43.6 (23.5, 66.0)

0.081a

Ever mixed sex with drugs or alcohol

33.8 (16.4, 57.2)

18.0 (7.9, 36.1)

31.7 (20.5, 45.6)

63.9 (40.4, 82.1)

0.014 a *

Non-monogamous sexual partnership, past year

36.0 (15.3, 63.5)

7.6 (2.1, 23.7)

12.8 (5.4, 27.3)

16.6 (6.5, 36.0)

0.194a

History of sexually transmitted infections

13.3 (4.4, 33.4)

17.0 (7.0, 35.5)

20.8 (11.3, 35.0)

42.3 (23.1, 64.1)

0.358a

Number of sex partners, lifetime

    

0.135b

  None

28.1 (13.2, 50.1)

19.9 (6.3, 47.6)

0.1 (5.4, 18.2)

6.9 (1.9, 21.9)

 

  1

——

24.0 (5.6, 62.5)

8.4 (4.3, 15.6)

——

 

  2 to 4

20.2 (8.4, 41.3)

20.4 (9.6, 38.0)

21.9 (13.8, 33.0)

6.6 (1.8, 21.5)

 

  5 to 9

18.3 (6.5, 41.8)

15.8 (5.6, 37.3)

20.3 (11.0, 34.3)

23.4 (9.2, 48.1)

 

  10 to 19

7.7 (1.9, 26.6)

4.9 (0.9, 22.6)

7.9 (3.4, 17.1)

34.3 (15.9, 59.1)

 

  20 or more

18.5 (4.1, 54.6)

2.0 (0.3, 12.5)

13.4 (5.9, 27.7)

14.4 (5.5, 32.6)

 

Number of sex partners, past year

    

(p = 0.087)a

  0

44.7 (24.2, 67.2)

35.6 (16.1, 61.3)

26.6 (17.2, 38.8)

10.0 (3.4, 25.9)

 

  1

15.5 (5.6, 36.0)

27.3 (13.2, 48.1)

40.0 (28.2, 53.0)

56.9 (34.6, 76.8)

 

  2

23.9 (7.2, 56.0)

26.0 (6.8, 62.7)

18.8 (10.7, 30.9)

3.9 (0.7, 17.8)

 

  3 or more

15.9 (5.1, 40.2)

6.1 (1.4, 22.7)

7.9 (2.5, 22.5)

29.2 (12.2, 55.0)

 
  1. n = column total, not adjusted for nonresponse using sample weights.
  2. a P-value from Rao-Scott chi-square test.
  3. b P-value from Rao-Scott chi-square test with assumed design correction of 2 (conservative estimate).
  4. ^Includes temporary workers, visitors, students and non-status individuals.
  5. *Statistically significant at p = 0.05.