TY - BOOK PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report: People from Countries where HIV is Endemic: Black People of African and Caribbean Descent Living in Canada. Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control PB - Public Health Agency of Canada CY - Ottawa, ON ID - ref1 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - HIV/AIDS Epi Updates, November 2007. Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control PB - Public Health Agency of Canada CY - Ottawa, ON ID - ref2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Milan, A. AU - Tran, K. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Blacks in Canada: a long history JO - Canadian Social Trends VL - 72 ID - Milan2004 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Husbands, W. AU - Makoroka, L. AU - George, C. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - MaBwana: Health, Community and Vulnerability to HIV among African PB - Caribbean and Black Gay and Bisexual Men CY - Toronto ID - Husbands2009 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gray, K. AU - Calzavara, L. AU - Tharao, W. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Results from a Survey of HIV and Health-Related Behavior, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Knowledge PB - HIV Social Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Dept. of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Toronto CY - Toronto ID - Gray2008 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Liu, J. AU - Remis, R. S. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Race/Ethnicity Among Persons with HIV/AIDS in Ontario, 1981–2004 PB - Ontario HIV Epidemiologic Monitoring Unit CY - Toronto, Ontario ID - Liu2007 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Behavior Change and HIV Prevention: (Re)Considerations for the 21st Century PB - Global HIV Prevention Working Group CY - Pretoria, South Africa ID - ref7 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ajzen, I. AU - Fishbein, M. ED - Albarracín, D. ED - Johnson, B. ED - Zanna, M. ED - Mahwah, N. J. ED - Erlbaum PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - The influence of attitudes on behavior BT - The Handbook of Attitudes ID - Ajzen2005 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health PB - World Health Organization CY - Geneva, Switzerland ID - ref9 ER - TY - STD TI - What Determines Health?. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/index-eng.php#determinants, UR - http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/index-eng.php#determinants ID - ref10 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mikkonen, J. AU - Raphael, D. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts PB - York University School of Health Policy and Management CY - Toronto ID - Mikkonen2010 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gender, R. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Class & Health: Intersectional Approaches PB - Jossey-Bass CY - San Francisco ID - Gender2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Walby, S. AU - Armstrong, J. AU - Strid, S. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Intersectionality: multiple inequalities in social theory JO - Sociology VL - 46 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511416164 DO - 10.1177/0038038511416164 ID - Walby2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Madise, N. AU - Zulu, E. AU - Ciera, J. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Is poverty a driver for risky sexual behaviour? Evidence from national surveys of adolescents in four African countries JO - Afr J Reprod Health VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.2307/25549733 DO - 10.2307/25549733 ID - Madise2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Booysen, F. R. AU - Summerton, J. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Poverty, risky sexual behaviour, and vulnerability to HIV infection: evidence from south Africa JO - J Health Popul Nutr VL - 20 ID - Booysen2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Agadjanian, V. AU - Arnaldo, C. AU - Cau, B. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Health costs of wealth gains: labor migration and perceptions of HIV/AIDS risks in Mozambique JO - Soc Forces VL - 89 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/89.4.1097 DO - 10.1093/sf/89.4.1097 ID - Agadjanian2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hargreaves, J. R. AU - Glynn, J. R. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Educational attainment and HIV-1 infection in developing countries: a systematic review JO - Trop Med Int Health VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00889.x DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00889.x ID - Hargreaves2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hargreaves, J. R. AU - Bonell, C. P. AU - Boler, T. AU - Boccia, D. AU - Birdthistle, I. AU - Fletcher, A. AU - Pronyk, P. M. AU - Glynn, J. R. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Systematic review exploring time trends in the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa JO - AIDS VL - 22 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f2aac3 DO - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f2aac3 ID - Hargreaves2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Msisha, W. M. AU - Kapiga, S. H. AU - Earls, F. AU - Subramanian, S. V. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Socioeconomic status and HIV seroprevalence in Tanzania: a counterintuitive relationship JO - Int J Epidemiol VL - 37 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn186 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyn186 ID - Msisha2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Awusabo-Asare, K. AU - Annim, S. K. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Wealth status and risky sexual behaviour in Ghana and Kenya JO - Appl Health Econ Health Policy VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.2165/00148365-200806010-00003 DO - 10.2165/00148365-200806010-00003 ID - Awusabo-Asare2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gatali, M. AU - Archibald, C. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Women and HIV JO - BMC Womens Health VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S27 DO - 10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S27 ID - Gatali2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tharao, E. AU - Massaquoi, N. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Black women and HIV/AIDS: contextualizing their realities, their silence and proposing solutions JO - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 21 ID - Tharao2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newman, P. A. AU - Williams, C. C. AU - Massaquoi, N. AU - Brown, M. AU - Logie, C. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - HIV prevention for black women: structural barriers and opportunities JO - J Health Care Poor Underserved VL - 19 UR - https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0043 DO - 10.1353/hpu.0.0043 ID - Newman2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bowleg, L. AU - Teti, M. AU - Massie, J. S. AU - Patel, A. AU - Malebranche, D. J. AU - Tschann, J. M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - “What does it take to be a man? what is a real man?”: ideologies of masculinity and HIV sexual risk among black heterosexual men JO - Cult Health Sex VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2011.556201 DO - 10.1080/13691058.2011.556201 ID - Bowleg2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tompkins, M. AU - Smith, L. AU - Jones, K. AU - Swindells, S. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - HIV education needs among Sudanese immigrants and refugees in the Midwestern United States JO - AIDS Behav VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-005-9060-8 DO - 10.1007/s10461-005-9060-8 ID - Tompkins2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stolte, I. G. AU - Gras, M. AU - Van Benthem, B. H. B. AU - Coutinho, R. A. AU - van den Hoek, J. A. R. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - HIV testing behaviour among heterosexual migrants in Amsterdam JO - AIDS Care VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/0954012031000134791 DO - 10.1080/0954012031000134791 ID - Stolte2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shedlin, M. G. AU - Drucker, E. AU - Decena, C. U. AU - Hoffman, S. AU - Bhattacharya, G. AU - Beckford, S. AU - Barreras, R. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Immigration and HIV/AIDS in the New York metropolitan area JO - J Urban Health VL - 83 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-005-9006-5 DO - 10.1007/s11524-005-9006-5 ID - Shedlin2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barrett, H. AU - Mulugeta, B. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and migrant “risk environments”: The case of the Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant community in the West Midlands of the UK JO - Psychol Health Med VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13548501003653192 DO - 10.1080/13548501003653192 ID - Barrett2010 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Focus on Geography Series, 2011 Census PB - Statistics Canada CY - Ottawa, ON ID - ref29 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leung, M. W. AU - Yen, I. H. AU - Minkler, M. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Community based participatory research: a promising approach for increasing epidemiology’s relevance in the 21st century JO - Int J Epidemiol VL - 33 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh010 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyh010 ID - Leung2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Minkler, M. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Community-based research partnerships: challenges and opportunities JO - J Urban Health VL - 82 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jti034 DO - 10.1093/jurban/jti034 ID - Minkler2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wallerstein, N. B. AU - Duran, B. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Using community-based participatory research to address health disparities JO - Health Promot Pract VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839906289376 DO - 10.1177/1524839906289376 ID - Wallerstein2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Teddlie, C. AU - Yu, F. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Mixed methods sampling: a typology with examples JO - Journal of Mixed Methods Research VL - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/2345678906292430 DO - 10.1177/2345678906292430 ID - Teddlie2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Neergaard, M. A. AU - Olesen, F. AU - Andersen, R. S. AU - Sondergaard, J. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Qualitative description – the poor cousin of health research? JO - BMC Med Res Methodol VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-9-52 DO - 10.1186/1471-2288-9-52 ID - Neergaard2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sandelowski, M. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Focus on research methods-Whatever happened to qualitative description? JO - Res Nurs Health VL - 23 UR - https://doi.org/3.0.CO;2-G DO - 3.0.CO;2-G ID - Sandelowski2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hsieh, H. -. F. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Three approaches to qualitative content analysis JO - Qual Health Res VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687 DO - 10.1177/1049732305276687 ID - Hsieh2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zapka, J. AU - Chasen-Taber, L. AU - Bigelow, C. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Methodological issues for health-related surveys of multicultural older women JO - Eval Health Prof VL - 17 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/016327879401700408 DO - 10.1177/016327879401700408 ID - Zapka1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ogilvie, L. D. AU - Burgess-Pinto, E. AU - Caufield, C. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Challenges and approaches to newcomer health research JO - J Transcult Nurs VL - 19 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659607309142 DO - 10.1177/1043659607309142 ID - Ogilvie2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McLean, C. AU - Campbell, C. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Locating research informants in a multi-ethnic community: ethnic identities, social networks and recruitment methods JO - Ethn Health VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13557850303558 DO - 10.1080/13557850303558 ID - McLean2003 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Dillman, D. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. Second PB - Sons, Inc. CY - Hoboken, NJ\ ID - Dillman2007 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Income Research Paper Series, Low Income Cut-offs for 2006 and Low Income Measures for 2005 PB - Statistics Canada CY - Ottawa, ON ID - ref41 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Version 9.3 of the SAS System for Windows PB - Cary CY - NC, USA ID - ref42 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Grau, E. AU - Potter, F. AU - Williams, S. AU - Diaz-Tena, N. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Nonresponse adjustment using logistic regression: To weight or not to weight? BT - American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section. Alexandria PB - American Statistical Association CY - VA ID - Grau2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Geneletti, S. AU - Richardson, S. AU - Best, N. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Adjusting for selection bias in retrospective, case–control studies JO - Biostatistics VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxn010 DO - 10.1093/biostatistics/kxn010 ID - Geneletti2009 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Creswell, J. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Mixed methods procedures BT - Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks, CA ID - Creswell2009 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Baidoobonso, S. AU - Mokanan, H. AU - Meidinger, L. AU - Pugh, D. AU - Bauer, G. AU - Nleya-Ncube, M. AU - Ehiemua, J. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - The BLACCH Study Team: Final Report from the Black, African and Caribbean Canadian Health (BLACCH) Study PB - The University of Western Ontario CY - London, Canada ID - Baidoobonso2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hancock, A. -. M. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - When multiplication doesn’t equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm JO - Perspectives on Politics VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707070065 DO - 10.1017/S1537592707070065 ID - Hancock2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, L. F. AU - Dorrington, R. E. AU - Bradshaw, D. AU - Plessis, H. AU - Makubalo, L. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - The effect of educational attainment and other factors on HIV risk in South African women: Results from antenatal surveillance, 2000–2005 JO - AIDS VL - 23 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832d407e DO - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832d407e ID - Johnson2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ng, E. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - The healthy immigrant effect and mortality rates JO - Health Rep VL - 22 ID - Ng2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O’Sullivan, L. AU - Harrison, A. AU - Morrell, R. AU - Monroe Wise, A. AU - Kubeka, M. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Gender dynamics in the primary sexual relationships of young rural South African women and men JO - Cult Health Sex VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050600665048 DO - 10.1080/13691050600665048 ID - O’Sullivan2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adimora, A. A. AU - Schoenbach, V. J. AU - Martinson, F. E. AU - Coyne-Beasley, T. AU - Doherty, I. AU - Stancil, T. R. AU - Fullilove, R. E. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Heterosexually transmitted HIV infection among African Americans in North Carolina JO - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr VL - 41 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000191382.62070.a5 DO - 10.1097/01.qai.0000191382.62070.a5 ID - Adimora2006 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lawson, E. AU - Gardezi, F. AU - Calzavara, L. AU - Husbands, W. AU - Myers, T. AU - Tharao, W. E. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Behavioural HIV., Unit ES, others: HIV/AIDS Stigma, Denial, Fear and Discrimination: Experiences and Responses of People from African and Caribbean Communities in Toronto. African and Caribbean Council on HIV/AIDS in Ontario (AACHO); HIV Social Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Dept. of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine PB - Univ. of Toronto CY - Toronto ID - Lawson2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hasnain, M. AU - Levy, J. A. AU - Mensah, E. K. AU - Sinacore, J. M. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Association of educational attainment with HIV risk in African American active injection drug users JO - AIDS Care VL - 19 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120600872075 DO - 10.1080/09540120600872075 ID - Hasnain2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuart, G. S. AU - Grimes, D. A. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Social desirability bias in family planning studies: a neglected problem JO - Contraception VL - 80 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2009.02.009 DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.02.009 ID - Stuart2009 ER - TY - STD TI - The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/184/prepub UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/184/prepub ID - ref55 ER -