Variables | Usual gait speed | Fast gait speed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | OR (95% IC) | p | OR (95% IC) | p |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 1.29 (0.75-2.22) | 0.359 | 2.12 (1.10-4.09) | 0.024‡ |
Age group (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
70-74 (ref 65–69) | 1.07 (0.53-2.18) | 0.846 | 1.58 (0.74-3.36) | 0.233 |
75 and over | 3.91 (2.16-7.06) | <0.001‡ | 3.63 (1.86-7.07) | <0.001‡ |
Illiterates (ref >1 year of schooling) | 1.74 (1.02-2.96) | 0.039‡ | 1.62 (0.90-2.91) | 0.102 |
Income level | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1.1-3.0 (ref 0.0-1.0) | 0.79 (0.44-1.39) | 0.418 | 0.85 (0.46-1.58) | 0.620 |
3.1 or over (ref 0.0-1.0) | 0.68 (0.29 – 1.57) | 0.377 | 0.31 (0.09-1.06) | 0.064 |
Mental health | Â | Â | Â | Â |
MMSE score | 0.85 (0.79-0.91) | <0.001‡ | 0.84 (0.77-0.91) | <0.001‡ |
 | 1.27 (0.69-2.34) | 0.445 | 1.87 (1.00-3.53) | 0.051 |
Depressive symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High concern of falling | 3.65 (2.07-6.45) | <0.001‡ | 3.40 (1.82-10.53) | <0.001‡ |
Physical health | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 1.27 (0.74-2.19) | 0.386 | 1.26 (0.69-2.30) | 0.450 |
Heart diseases | 1.40 (0.76-2.55) | 0.278 | 1.07 (0.53-2.13) | 0.852 |
Stroke | 3.01 (1.34-6.73) | 0.007‡ | 2.44 (1.02-5.86) | 0.044‡ |
Diabetes | 2.38 (1.41-4.01) | 0.001‡ | 1.65 (0.92-2.96) | 0.092 |
Arthritis | 2.25 (1.30-3.89) | 0.004‡ | 2.15 (1.18-3.91) | 0.012‡ |
Lung disease | 1.37 (0.61-3.04) | 0.441 | 0.65 (0.22-1.92) | 0.442 |
Urinary incontinence | 3.98 (2.26-7.03) | <0.001‡ | 3.70 (2.01-6.79) | <0.001‡ |
Number of diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1 or 2 diseases (ref 0 disease) | 1.83 (0.60-5.50) | 0.282 | 3.17 (0.72-13.97) | 0.126 |
≥ 3 diseases (ref 0 disease) | 4.98 (1.68-14.74) | 0.004‡ | 7.24 (1.67-31.45) | 0.008‡ |
Polypharmacy (ref 0–3 drugs) | 2.42 (1.45-4.06) | <0.001‡ | 2.35 (1.33-4.14) | 0.003‡ |
Fatigue | 1.74 (0.85-3.58) | 0.131 | 1.85 (0.85-4.00) | 0.118 |
Poor self-rated health (ref good or very good) | 1.54 (0.93-2.56) | 0.093 | 1.71 (0.97-3.01) | 0.062 |
Single fall (ref no falls) | 1.27 (0.76-2.13) | 0.353 | 1.77 (1.01-3.10) | 0.047‡ |
Two or more falls (ref no falls) | 1.90 (1.01-3.58) | 0.046‡ | 2.51 (1.30-4.85) | 0.006‡ |
Physical functioning | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≥ 1ADL ( ref 0 ADL) | 3.77 (1.63-8.71) | 0.002‡ | 4.46 (1.89-10.53) | 0.001‡ |
Low physical activity level (ref other quintiles) | 3.91 (2.23-6.85) | <0.001‡ | 4.08 (2.24-7.44) | <0.001‡ |