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Table 4 Socio-economic factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection

From: Prevalence and risk factors of helicobacter pylori in Turkey: a nationally-representative, cross-sectional, screening with the 13C-Urea breath test

Socio-economic Factors

Hp positive

Hp negative

  
 

n

(%)*

n

(%)*

Total

p

Education (n = 4577)

      

  No education

747

(82.6)

163

(17.4)

910

0.000

  Primary complete

1801

(86.0)

276

(14.0)

2077

 

  Secondary complete

355

(85.2)

59

(14.8)

414

 

  High school +

913

(75.4)

263

(24.6)

1176

 

Social security** (n = 4573)

      

  SSK

1266

(83.9)

228

(16.1)

1494

0.000

  Emekli sandigi

431

(74.5)

139

(25.5)

570

 

  BAG-KUR

546

(78.5)

148

(21.5)

694

 

  Green Card

324

(87.2)

42

(12.8)

366

 

  Private/foreign

21

(63.9)

10

(36.1)

31

 

  None

1223

(85.4)

195

(14.6)

1418

 

Housing tenure (n = 4597)

      

  Owned by a household member

2761

(81.6)

583

(18.4)

3344

0.05

  Rented

762

(84.5)

134

(15.5)

896

 

  Lodging/no money paid

306

(85.3)

51

(14.7)

357

 

Occupation (n = 4503)

      

  Agriculture & animal husbandry

516

(86.0)

83

(14.0)

599

0.000

  Industry

228

(86.0)

35

(14.0)

263

 

  Construction

111

(92.7)

9

(7.3)

120

 

  Service

360

(78.7)

87

(21.3)

447

 

  Housewife/retired/unemployed

522

(78.7)

120

(21.3)

642

 

  Other

2021

(82.9)

411

(17.1)

2432

 

Household population

      

  1–3 person/home

1000

(79.3)

250

(20.7)

1250

0.000

  4–5 person/home

1592

(81.4)

334

(18.6)

1926

 

  6 + person/home

1260

(87.3)

186

(12.7)

1446

 

Rooms for sleeping (n = 4575)

      

  1–2

2354

(82.2)

482

(17.8)

2836

0.06

  3–4

1382

(82.5)

277

(17.5)

1659

 

  5 +

73

(93.0)

7

(7.0)

80

 

Source of the drinking water (n = 4594)

      

  Piped water (in house/garden/outside)

2342

(83.6)

445

(16.4)

2787

0.00

  Spring/public fountain

726

(83.8)

141

(16.2)

867

 

  Bottled water/demijohn/pet water

327

(72.9)

109

(27.1)

436

 

  Other ((river, rain water etc.))

430

(85.4)

74

(14.6)

504

 

Type of toilet system (n = 4598)

      

  Connected to drainage system

2778

(82.6)

551

(17.4)

3329

0.76

  Closed pit

1033

(81.9)

215

(18.1)

1248

 

  Other (No facility)

18

(86.7)

3

(13.3)

21

 

Source of heating (n = 4553)

      

  Radiator (Central heating)

366

(75.0)

102

(25.0)

468

0.00

  Radiator (Private)

147

(71.0)

62

(29.0)

209

 

  Natural gas stove

83

(84.8)

14

(15.2)

97

 

  Stove (Cool/wood)

2985

(84.4)

536

(15.6)

3521

 

  Animal excrement

103

(86.4)

17

(13.6)

120

 

  Electricity

85

(83.7)

18

(16.3)

103

 

  Gas stove

28

(78.0)

7

(22.0)

35

 

Family income (USD/month)*** (n = 4194)

      

  14–179

874

(84.6)

147

(15.4)

1021

0.00

  183–394

1472

(83.7)

272

(16.3)

1744

 

  398–538

503

(83.8)

103

(16.2)

606

 

  541 +

632

(75.1)

191

(24.9)

823

 

  Total

3852

(82.5)

770

(17.5)

4622

 
  1. *Weighted, **The group (disabled / orphan hood payment by government, n = 29) is excluded. ***1 USD = 1 395 000 TL.