Table 1 Characteristics of cross-sectional studies that evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Brazilian adult population

Dutra et al., 2012 [18]

Brasília, Federal District

2130 (72.5% W, 27.5% M)

≥18

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

IDF and AHA/NHLBI harmonized criteria (2009)

32.0

AO: N/A

Logistic regression model adjusted for age:

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c BP: two measurements

High G: N/A

Age 25-34 years: female: PR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.13-3.74; male: PR = 3.35; 95% CI 1.27-8.88

HT: N/A

Age 35-44 years: female: PR = 3.62; 95% CI 2.04-6.44; male: PR = 4.87; 95% CI 1.94-12.20

High TAG: N/A

Age 45-54 years: female: PR = 5.42; 95% CI 3.08-9.55; male: PR = 7.60; 95% CI 3.08-18.70

Low HDL-c: N/A

Age 55-64 years: female: PR = 6.57; 95% CI 3.74-11.55; male: PR = 8.95; 95% CI 3.64-22.00

Age ≥65 years: female: PR = 7.45; 95% CI 4.23-13.11; male: PR = 7.89; 95% CI 3.14-19.80

BMI 25-29 kg/m²: female: PR = 4.29; 95% CI 3.21-5.75; male: PR = 4.52; 95% CI 2.64-7.74

BMI ≥30 kg/m²: female: PR =7.04; 95% CI 5.32-9.31; male: PR =9.99; 95% CI 5.92-16.90

Schooling 9-11 years: female: PR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.96

Schooling ≥12 years: female: PR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.37-0.70

de Oliveira et al., 2011 [21]

Jaguapiru Indigenous Village, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul

606 (55.8% W, 44.2% M)

18-69

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

IDF

35.7

AO: 60.9

N/A

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: 11.4

BP: two measurements

HT: 40.3

High TAG: N/A

Low HDL-c: N/A

Gronner et al., 2011 [17]

Southeastern region

1116 (64.5% W, 35.5% M)

30-79

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

NCEP-ATPIII (2005) and IDF

NCEP-ATPIII (2005): 35.9

AO (NCEP-ATPIII 2005): 56.2

Logistic regression model:

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

IDF: 43.2

AO (IDF): 72.6

Age 40-49 years†: OR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.47-3.16

BP: three measurements

High G: 13.3

Age 50-59 years†: OR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.85-3.89

HT: 59.2

Age 60-69 years†: OR = 4.64; 95% CI 3.06-7.04

High TAG: 16.8

Age 70-79 years†: OR = 4.77; 95% CI 3.11-7.32

Low HDL-c: 76.3

Skin color white‡: OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.28-2.14

Schooling fundamental§: OR = 2.51; 95% CI 1.58-4.00

BMI ≥25 kg/m²: OR = 5.68; 95% CI 4.30-7.51

Pimenta et al., 2011 [14]

Virgem das Graças and Caju, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais

534 (49.4% W, 50.6% M)

≥18

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

NCEP-ATPIII (2005)

14.9

AO: 11.6

Poisson regression model:

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: 10.6

Female: PR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.33-3.62

BP: three measurements

HT: 59.7

Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²): PR = 3.03; 95% CI 2.05-4.48

High TAG: 15.2

CRP ≥4º : PR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.05-2.31

Low HDL-c: 44.1

HOMA-IR ≥4º quartile: PR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.28-2.88

Age ≥60 years†: PR = 7.06; CI 95% 2.62-19.04

Alcohol consumption (0.1 to 20 g ethanol/day): PR = 0.26; CI 95% 0.09-0.73

da Rocha et al., 2011 [22]

Porto Alegre and Planalto/ Nonoai, Rio Grande do Sul

150 (55.3% W, 44.7% M)

40-104

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

NCEP-ATPIII (2001)

65.3

AO: 64.7

N/A

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: 38.0

BP: N/A

HT: 64.7

High TAG: 48.7

Low HDL-c: 67.3

Silva et al., 2011 [15]

São Paulo

287 (74.6% W, 25.4% M)

20-64

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

IDF

36.6

AO: N/A

Short height adjusted for age and gender: OR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.12-1.26

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: N/A

BP: two measurements

HT: N/As

High TAG: N/A

Low HDL-c: N/A

Marquezine et al., 2008 [16]

Vitória, Espírito Santo

1561 (54.5% W, 45.5% M)

25-64

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

NCEP-ATPIII (2001)

25.4

AO: 16.3

Logistic regression model adjusted for age in female:

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: 21.4

Low social class: OR = 1.64

BP: three measurements

HT: 46.6

High TAG: 30.9

Low HDL-c: 54.3

Salaroli et al., 2007 [5]

Vitória, Espírito Santo

1630 (54.4% W, 45.6% M)

25-64

WC: at the natural waist or the lower curvature between the lowest rib and the iliac crest

NCEP-ATPIII (2001)

29.8

AO: N/A

N/A

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: N/A

BP: two measurements

HT: N/A

High TAG: N/A

Low HDL-c: N/A

Velásquez-Meléndez et al., 2007 [19]

Virgem das Graças, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais

251 (53.4% W, 46.6% M)

18-88

WC: at the midpoint between the iliac crest and the lowest rib

NCEP-ATPIII (2001)

21.6

AO: 26.7

Logistic regression model adjusted for BMI, age and schooling:

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: 6.0

BMI ≥25 kg/m²: OR = 21.14; 95% CI 8.43-50.01

BP: three measurements

HT: 62.5

Age 30-42 years†: OR = 3.15; 95% CI 1.08-9.18

High TAG: 22.3

Age 43-59 years†: OR = 5.18; 95% CI 1.38-19.41

Low HDL-c: 37.1

Age 60-88 years†: OR = 17.58; 95% CI 3.45-49.51

de Oliveira et al., 2006 [20]

Cavunge, Bahia

240 (57.5% W, 42.5% M)

25-87

WC: at the umbilical level

NCEP-ATPIII (2001)

30.0

AO: 31.7

Age ≥45 years: PR = 2.60; 95% CI 1.61-4.21

Fasting G, TAG and HDL-c

High G: 15.8

Age ≥55 years: PR = 3.00; 95% CI 1.84-4.89

BP: two measurements

HT: 57.1

High TAG: 19.6

Low HDL-c: 70.4