Group involvement and self-rated health among the Japanese elderly: an examination of bonding and bridging social capital

Kishimoto, Yoko; Suzuki, Etsuji; Iwase, Toshihide; Doi, Hiroyuki; Takao, Soshi

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1189

Table 3 Odds ratios for poor self-rated health associated with each group involvement, stratified by sex

From: Group involvement and self-rated health among the Japanese elderly: an examination of bonding and bridging social capital

	Poor health	Model 1		Model 2^a		Model 3^b
	N (%)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)
Men
The elderly club, sports/hobby/culture circle
No involvement	854 (36.92)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	129 (23.45)	0.69	(0.56-0.85)	0.72	(0.54-0.96)	0.75	(0.56-1.02)
Bridging social capital	300 (21.02)	0.51	(0.44-0.59)	0.61	(0.50-0.74)	0.60	(0.49-0.75)
Alumni association
No involvement	785 (40.93)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	160 (18.89)	0.48	(0.40-0.58)	0.55	(0.43-0.70)	0.57	(0.44-0.75)
Bridging social capital	335 (22.27)	0.55	(0.48-0.64)	0.77	(0.63-0.93)	0.83	(0.67-1.02)
Political campaign club
No involvement	1071 (31.66)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	31 (24.80)	0.77	(0.51-1.16)	0.87	(0.50-1.54)	1.06	(0.58-1.92)
Bridging social capital	187 (23.23)	0.66	(0.55-0.79)	0.80	(0.64-1.02)	0.90	(0.70-1.15)
Citizen’s group, environmental preservation group
No involvement	1027 (33.11)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	29 (17.16)	0.47	(0.31-0.71)	0.53	(0.31-0.89)	0.55	(0.32-0.95)
Bridging social capital	224 (22.36)	0.60	(0.51-0.71)	0.92	(0.74-1.14)	1.00	(0.80-1.26)
Community association
No involvement	808 (39.90)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	70 (23.41)	0.71	(0.54-0.93)	0.65	(0.44-0.96)	0.71	(0.47-1.07)
Bridging social capital	408 (20.43)	0.42	(0.37-0.49)	0.62	(0.51-0.75)	0.69	(0.56-0.84)
Religious organization
No involvement	1076 (31.32)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	36 (33.03)	1.16	(0.77-1.74)	1.61	(0.97-2.68)	1.51	(0.87-2.62)
Bridging social capital	183 (23.49)	0.67	(0.56-0.80)	0.77	(0.60-0.98)	0.79	(0.61-1.02)
Women
The elderly club, sports/hobby/culture circle
No involvement	1246 (36.68)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	206 (20.02)	0.55	(0.47-0.65)	0.68	(0.46-0.99)	0.73	(0.49-1.09)
Bridging social capital	436 (21.67)	0.57	(0.50-0.64)	0.88	(0.66-1.17)	0.94	(0.69-1.29)
Alumni association
No involvement	1334 (37.03)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	200 (18.50)	0.49	(0.41-0.58)	0.64	(0.45-0.93)	0.63	(0.43-0.93)
Bridging social capital	324 (19.95)	0.51	(0.45-0.59)	0.63	(0.45-0.87)	0.75	(0.53-1.05)
Political campaign club
No involvement	1739 (30.92)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	22 (20.75)	0.62	(0.39-1.00)	1.46	(0.38-5.58)	1.36	(0.35-5.27)
Bridging social capital	101 (17.50)	0.48	(0.38-0.60)	0.59	(0.36-0.97)	0.66	(0.39-1.13)
Citizen’s group, environmental preservation group
No involvement	1658 (32.10)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	30 (17.34)	0.49	(0.33-0.73)	0.13	(0.02-1.01)	0.15	(0.02-1.13)
Bridging social capital	153 (16.91)	0.44	(0.37-0.53)	0.82	(0.56-1.20)	0.92	(0.62-1.37)
Community association
No involvement	1324 (37.67)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	108 (20.30)	0.59	(0.47-0.73)	0.86	(0.53-1.41)	0.81	(0.48-1.37)
Bridging social capital	451 (19.20)	0.43	(0.38-0.49)	0.69	(0.51-0.93)	0.77	(0.56-1.06)
Religious organization
No involvement	1701 (30.56)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Bonding social capital	27 (21.26)	0.64	(0.42-0.99)	0.86	(0.31-2.36)	0.72	(0.23-2.22)
Bridging social capital	155 (21.89)	0.64	(0.53-0.78)	0.59	(0.38-0.93)	0.67	(0.42-1.07)

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
^aAdjusted for age, educational attainment, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, weight, and living arrangements.
^bAdjusted for all of the variables included in Model 2, and type-D personality.

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