Table 5 Description of various factors that influence mother to child transmission of HIV
Factor | Description |
|---|---|
Viral | Viral genotype and phenotype, viral resistance and viral load |
Maternal | Maternal immunological status, maternal nutritional status, maternal clinical status, behavioural factors and antiretroviral treatment |
Obstetrical | Prolonged rupture of membranes (>4Â hrs), mode of delivery, intrapartum haemorrhage, obstetrical procedures and invasive foetal monitoring |
Foetal | Prematurity, genetic and multiple pregnancy |
Infant | Breast feeding, gastrointestinal tract factors, immature immune system and ARV prophylaxis |