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Table 2 A ssociations of eating habits with age, living arrangement, financial difficulties, symptoms of depression, and education

From: Physical activity in daily life is associated with lower adiposity values than doing weekly sports in Lc65+ cohort at baseline

  3 meals/day (versus 1 or 2) Dairy products ≥ once a day (yes versus no) Eggs or leguminous plants ≥ twice/week (yes versus no) Meat, fish or poultry everyday (yes versus no) “Sufficient protein intake”‡(yes versus no)
  OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI]
MEN      
Age (per 1-birth year) 1.0 [0.9-1.1] 0.8 [0.7-1.0]* 1.1 [0.9-1.2] 1.1 [0.9-1.2] 1.1 [0.9-1.3]
Living alone (0/1) 0.7 [0.5-1.2] 0.7 [0.4-1.2] 0.8 [0.5-1.3] 0.9 [0.6-1.5] 0.9 [0.5-1.5]
Financial difficulties (0/1)† 0.6 [0.4-0.9]* 0.7 [0.4-1.1] 0.9 [0.6-1.4] 0.8 [0.5-1.2] 0.7 [0.5-1.1]
Symptoms of depression (0/1) 0.7 [0.4-1.1] 1.0 [0.5-1.8] 0.9 [0.6-1.4] 1.0 [0.6-1.6] 0.9 [0.6-1.5]
Education      
 Basic compulsory 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)
 Apprenticeship 1.0 [0.6-1.7] 2.0 [1.1-3.7]* 1.6 [1.0-2.8] 1.6 [0.9-2.7] 1.9 [1.1-3.4]*
 High school or more 1.4 [0.8-2.3] 2.6 [1.4-4.9]** 1.6 [1.0-2.8] 1.2 [0.7-2.0] 1.5 [0.8-2.5]
WOMEN      
Age (per 1-birth year) 1.0 [0.9-1.1] 0.9 [0.8-1.1] 0.9 [0.8-1.0] 1.1 [1.0-1.2]* 1.0 [0.9-1.1]
Living alone (0/1) 0.9 [0.7-1.2] 0.8 [0.5-1.2] 0.7 [0.6-1.0] 0.5 [0.4-0.7]*** 0.5 [0.4-0.8]***
Financial difficulties (0/1)† 0.8 [0.5-1.1] 1.1 [0.7-1.9] 0.9 [0.6-1.2] 1.0 [0.7-1.3] 0.8 [0.6-1.2]
Symptoms of depression (0/1) 0.7 [0.5-1.0] 0.8 [0.5-1.3] 1.2 [0.9-1.7] 1.3 [0.9-1.8] 1.5[1.0-2.2]
Education      
 Basic compulsory 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)
 Apprenticeship 0.9 [0.6-1.3] 1.4 [0.8-2.5] 1.2 [0.9-1.8] 1.0 [0.7-1.4] 1.1 [0.7-1.6]
 High school or more 1.2 [0.8-1.8] 1.0 [0.6-1.7] 1.1 [0.7-1.6] 0.8 [0.6-1.2] 0.9 [0.6-1.3]
  Fruit or vegetables ≥ twice/day (yes versus no) > 5 glasses/day (versus ≤5 drinks/day) Loss of appetite (yes versus not at all) Self-perception: moderate malnutrition or doesn’t know (versus no nutritional problems)  
  OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI] OR [95% CI]  
MEN      
Age (per 1-birth year) 1.0 [0.9-1.2] 1.1 [0.9-1.2] 1.0 [0.8-1.4] 1.0 [0.7-1.5]  
Living alone (0/1) 0.5 [0.3-0.9]* 1.0 [0.6-1.6] 2.2 [0.9-5.4] 5.0 [1.9-13.6]**  
Financial difficulties (0/1)† 0.6 [0.4-1.0]* 1.0 [0.7-1.6] 1.1 [0.4-2.8] 3.2 [1.2-8.7]*  
Symptoms of depression (0/1) 0.7 [0.4-1.3] 0.9 [0.6-1.4] 2.5 [1.1-6.1]* 1.6 [0.5-4.5]  
Education      
 Basic compulsory 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)  
 Apprenticeship 1.2 [0.7-2.2] 0.6 [0.4-1.0] 1.7 [0.5-6.5] 1.6 [0.4-6.4]  
 High school or more 2.4 [1.2-4.5]* 0.6 [0.4-1.0] 1.0 [0.3-4.1] 0.8 [0.2-3.5]  
WOMEN      
Age (per 1-birth year) 1.0 [0.9-1.2] 1.2 [1.0-1.3]* 1.0 [0.8-1.3] 1.1 [0.8-1.5]  
Living alone (0/1) 0.8 [0.5-1.4] 0.8 [0.6-1.1] 1.1 [0.6-2.1] 2.5 [1.1-5.9]*  
Financial difficulties (0/1)† 0.5 [0.3-0.9]* 1.2 [0.8-1.7] 1.2 [0.6-2.5] 1.4 [0.6-3.3]  
Symptoms of depression (0/1) 1.2 [0.7-2.0] 1.1 [0.8-1.5] 3.4 [1.7-6.6]*** 3.8 [1.7-8.5]**  
Education      
 Basic compulsory 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)  
 Apprenticeship 1.2 [0.7-2.2] 1.2 [0.8-1.7] 1.0 [0.4-2.3] 1.0 [0.3-2.7]  
 High school or more 1.8 [0.9-3.4] 1.0 [0.7-1.5] 1.9 [0.9-4.4] 1.6 [0.6-4.2]  
  1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis; one separate model for each sex; approximate N = 507 for men, 724 for women.
  2. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
  3. †Financial difficulties were considered if any of the following criteria was fulfilled: 1) current income clearly lower than others, 2) sometimes difficulty to make ends meet, 3) subsidy for health insurance, or 4) complementary subsidy (from old age insurance).
  4. ‡“Sufficient protein intake” was defined if the participant reported eating meat, fish or poultry every day, or as an alternative, if he consumed dairy products ≥ once a day and eggs or leguminous plants ≥ twice/week.
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BMC Public Health

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