Table 1 O besity, eating habits and physical exercise in 2004-2005
Men | Women | χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
N = 519 | N = 741 | P-value | |
N (%) | N (%) | ||
OBESITY PREVALENCE | |||
Body mass index category: | <0.001 | ||
Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | 0 (0.0 ) | 19 (2.6 ) | |
Normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | 120 (23.3 ) | 290 (39.2 ) | |
Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) | 271 (52.6 ) | 260 (35.2 ) | |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) | 124 (24.1 ) | 170 (23.0 ) | |
Abdominal obesity (waist circumference: WC ≥ 102 cm in men, ≥ 88 cm in women) | 228 (44.6 ) | 334 (45.3 ) | 0.823 |
WC-defined normal weight obesity (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 102 cm in men, ≥ 88 cm in women) | 0 (0.0 ) | 16 (2.2 ) | <0.001** |
WHR-defined normal weight obesity (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and WHR ≥ 66th gender-specific percentile) | 12 (2.3 ) | 37 (5.0 ) | 0.017 ** |
EATING HABITS | |||
Questions from the MNA: | |||
Number of meals per day* | 0.177 | ||
1 meal/day | 33 (6.4 ) | 60 (8.1 ) | |
2 meals/day | 204 (39.4 ) | 257 (34.8 ) | |
3 meals/day | 281 (54.3 ) | 422 (57.1 ) | |
Meat, fish or poultry everyday | 265 (51.3 ) | 343 (46.4 ) | 0.087 |
Dairy products ≥ once a day | 425 (82.1 ) | 643 (86.8 ) | 0.021 |
Eggs or leguminous plants ≥ twice/week | 254 (49.0 ) | 350 (47.2 ) | 0.529 |
“Sufficient protein intake”† | 375 (72.5 ) | 514 (69.5) | 0.239 |
Fruit or vegetables ≥ twice/day | 417 (80.5 ) | 666 (90.1 ) | <0.001 |
Drinks per day | 0.223 | ||
<3 glasses (1 glass = 2 dl.) | 40 (7.7 ) | 58 (7.8 ) | |
3 to 5 glasses | 199 (38.4 ) | 250 (33.7 ) | |
>5 glasses | 279 (53.9 ) | 433 (58.4 ) | |
Loss of appetite | 0.627 | ||
Yes, severe | 1 (0.2 ) | 4 (0.5 ) | |
Yes, moderate | 25 (4.8 ) | 35 (4.7 ) | |
Not at all | 492 (95.0 ) | 701 (94.7 ) | |
Self-perception of nutrition | 0.708 | ||
Severe malnutrition | 0 (0.0 ) | 0 (0.0 ) | |
Doesn’t know/moderate malnutrition | 21 (4.1 ) | 27 (3.6 ) | |
No nutritional problem | 497 (96.0 ) | 714 (96.4 ) | |
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (PA): | |||
Daily PA: | 0.003 | ||
Sitting or lying most of the time | 39 (7.5 ) | 37 (5.1 ) | |
Often walking, but avoids stairs and loads | 66 (12.8 ) | 144 (19.7 ) | |
Often walking and using stairs, carrying light loads | 373 (72.2 ) | 512 (69.9 ) | |
Important physical activity, carries heavy loads | 39 (7.5 ) | 40 (5.5 ) | |
Sports (≥20 minutes) frequency: | 0.236 | ||
Less than once a week | 246 (49.3 ) | 359 (51.9 ) | |
Once or twice a week | 154 (30.9 ) | 222 (32.1 ) | |
Thrice a week or more | 99 (19.8 ) | 111 (16.0 ) | |
ADJUSTMENT VARIABLES: | |||
Living alone (0/1) | 96 (18.5 ) | 346 (46.7 ) | <0.001 |
Financial difficulties (0/1)‡ | 123 (23.7 ) | 207 (27.9 ) | 0.092 |
Current symptoms of depression | 97 (19.0 ) | 201 (27.7 ) | <0.001 |
Education | <0.001 | ||
Basic compulsory | 82 (15.9 ) | 218 (29.5 ) | |
Apprenticeship | 225 (43.5 ) | 274 (37.1 ) | |
High school or more | 210 (40.6 ) | 246 (33.3 ) | |
Current smoking§ | 119 (23.2 ) | 143 (19.5 ) | 0.112 |