Figure 1

General structure of study. The DHS and NNS sample populations are first structured into 10 socio-economic strata (SES) and 2 age groups of children per SES (6–23 months and 24-59 months). In a second step the MNDs of children are assessed in each of these groups. In a third step the lifetime health consequences of these MNDs are modelled based on information extracted from literature. In a final step the direct medical costs, production losses and intangible costs caused by these health consequences are computed and long-term costs are discounted to present value.