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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios and overall tests of significance for lifetime VCT use and past-6-months VCT use

From: Community stigma endorsement and voluntary counseling and testing behavior and attitudes among female heads of household in Zambézia Province, Mozambique

 

Lifetime VCT use

Past-6-months VCT use

Variable

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

Negative labeling and devaluation (Ref = 50 pts)a

  

0.025

  

0.053

  0 pts

1.05

0.62 – 1.78

 

1.25

0.70 – 2.24

 

  25 pts

0.87

0.72 – 1.05

 

0.94

0.76 – 1.15

 

  75 pts

1.63

1.14 – 2.32

 

1.63

1.10 – 2.41

 

  100 pts

2.68

1.30 – 5.50

 

2.69

1.21 – 5.98

 

Social exclusion (Ref = 50 pts)a

  

0.097

  

0.006

  0 pts

0.57

0.34 – 0.95

 

0.43

0.25 – 0.73

 

  25 pts

0.78

0.62 – 0.98

 

0.68

0.53 – 0.86

 

  75 pts

0.97

0.79 – 1.20

 

0.88

0.69 – 1.11

 

  100 pts

0.85

0.50 – 1.45

 

0.63

0.35 – 1.13

 

Age (per 10 years)

0.83

0.73 – 0.94

0.002

0.84

0.74 – 0.96

0.01

Education (per 5 years)

1.21

0.94 – 1.55

0.14

1.15

0.88 – 1.50

0.3

Distance to clinic (per 5 km)

0.82

0.74 – 0.92

0.001

0.87

0.77 – 0.98

0.02

Reside in isolated district

1.02

0.79 – 1.33

0.9

1.02

0.76 – 1.36

0.9

Understand Portuguese

1.24

0.95 – 1.61

0.11

1.47

1.10 – 1.96

0.009

Marital status (Ref = married/common law)

  

0.3

  

0.065

  Divorced/separated

0.63

0.32 – 1.24

 

0.28

0.11 – 0.74

 

  Single

1.18

0.90 – 1.55

 

1.07

0.80 – 1.45

 

  Widowed

1.14

0.67 – 1.94

 

0.87

0.47 – 1.64

 

Religion (Ref = Catholic)

  

0.4

  

0.14

  Evangelical and Pentecostal

1.16

0.84 – 1.61

 

1.02

0.70 – 1.49

 

  Muslim

0.90

0.59 –1.35

 

0.86

0.54 –1.37

 

  Non-Christian Eastern

1.61

0.83 – 3.10

 

1.69

0.85 – 3.34

 

  Other Christian

0.80

0.44 – 1.45

 

0.82

0.43 – 1.54

 

  Other

1.39

0.90 – 2.15

 

1.67

1.08 – 2.60

 

  Protestant

1.19

0.80 – 1.76

 

1.28

0.85 – 1.95

 

Quality of life score (per 20 pts)

1.11

0.95 – 1.30

0.18

1.07

0.91 – 1.26

0.4

HIV knowledge score (8 versus 0 pts)

2.11

1.27 – 3.50

0.018

2.13

1.22 – 3.73

0.009

HIV infection of self, relative and/or friend

1.99

1.43 – 2.76

<0.001

1. 89

1. 34–2.67

<0.001

Accessed health facility

1.67

1.27 – 2.19

<0.001

1.38

1.03 – 1.85

0.03

Accessed pharmacy

1.39

1.07 – 1.82

0.014

1.46

1.09 – 1.94

0.01

Accessed traditional healer

1.05

0.84 – 1.32

0.7

0.96

0.75 – 1.23

0.7

Believes that ART helps people with HIV to be healthier

3.46

2.65 – 4.52

<0.001

2.98

2.21 – 4.00

<0.001

Believes in alternative treatments for HIV

2.08

1.48 – 2.92

<0.001

2.18

1.53 – 3.11

0.0002

Perceived chance of becoming infected with HIV (Ref = non-response/don’t know)

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  Already infected

5.15

2.42 – 11.0

 

4.00

1.90 – 8.43

 

  Good chance

2.27

1.54 – 3.35

 

1.77

1.14 – 2.76

 

  Small chance

1.71

1.28 – 2.29

 

1.57

1.14 – 2.15

 

  No chance

0.97

0.71 – 1.31

 

1.12

0.81 – 1.54

 
  1. NLD Negative labeling and devaluation; SoE Social exclusion; OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval. If the 95% CI excluded 1, then there was a significant pairwise association between that category and the outcome. There was little evidence of an interaction between NLD and SoE with lifetime VCT use or past-6-months use (p > 0.6).
  2. [a] NLD, SoE and HIV knowledge scores were modeled using restricted cubic splines with 4 knots.
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BMC Public Health

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