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Table 4 Risk factors associated with hypertension using a log-link Poisson model with robust standard errors

From: Epidemiology and awareness of hypertension in a rural Ugandan community: a cross-sectional study

 

Women (N = 1245a)

Men (N = 1007a)

 

Proportion with hypertension (%)

Unadjusted prevalence ratio

Adjustedbprevalence ratio

Proportion with hypertension

Unadjusted prevalence ratio

Adjustedbprevalence ratio

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

(%)

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

Age (years)

 

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

18–29

16/478 = 3.4%

1

1

29/326 = 6.5%

1

1

30–44

58/415 = 14.0%

4.18 (2.44–7.15)

3.93 (2.15–7.18)

50/315 = 15.9%

2.45 (1.59–3.79)

2.13 (1.10–4.11)

45–59

48/194 = 24.7%

7.39 (4.30–12.70)

6.20 (3.33–11.55)

44/151 = 29.1%

4.50 (2.92–6.93)

3.94 (2.05–7.56)

≥60

70/158 = 44.3%

13.24 (7.93–22.10)

12.30 (6.59–22.96)

39/93 = 41.9%

6.48 (4.23–9.92)

6.00 (3.10–11.58)

Marital Status

 

P = 0.006

P = 0.35

 

P < 0.0001

P = 0.94

Single

14/172 = 8.1%

1

1

23/300 = 7.7%

1

1

Married (ever)

171/1009 = 16.9%

2.08 (1.24–3.50)

0.79 (0.48–1.30)

132/618 = 21.4%

2.79 (1.83–4.24)

1.03 (0.53–2.01)

BMI (kg/m 2 )

 

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 

P < 0.0001

P = 0.0004

< 25

105/892 = 11.8%

1

1

130/923 = 14.1%

1

1

25–30

48/243 = 19.7%

1.68 (1.23–2.29)

1.75 (1.28–2.40)

24/68 = 35.3%

2.51 (1.75–3.59)

2.12 (1.45–3.11)

>30

39/110 = 35.5%

3.01 (2.21–4.1)

2.72 (1.94–3.83)

7/15 = 46.7%

3.31 (1.89–5.83)

1.64 (0.84–3.22)

Occupation

 

P = 0.99

P = 0.36

 

P = 0.06

P = 0.92

Unemployed

24/158 = 15.2%

1

1

20/176 = 11.4%

1

1

Manual

157/1014 = 15.5%

1.02 (0.69–1.51)

0.79 (0.53–1.18)

125/758 = 16.5%

1.45 (0.93–2.26)

1.06 (0.67–1.69)

Sedentary

11/73 = 15.1

0.99 (0.51–1.92)

1.09 (0.57–2.10)

17/73 = 23.3%

2.05 (1.14–3.68)

1.16 (0.57–2.35)

Education

 

P < 0.0001

P = 0.61

 

P = 0.05

P = 0.43

No school

80/310 = 25.8%

2.05 (1.55–2.70)

1.19 (0.88–1.62)

19/94 = 20.2%

1.25 (0.80–1.95)

1.15 (0.73–1.80)

Primary

82/651 = 12.6%

1

1

86/532 = 16.2%

1

1

Secondary

23/222 = 10.4%

0.82 (0.53–1.27)

1.22 (0.77–1.94)

37/297 = 12.5%

0.77 (0.54–1.10)

1.03 (0.70–1.50)

Tertiary and beyond

7/62 = 11.3%

0.90 (0.43–1.85)

1.00 (0.44–2.28)

20/84 = 23.8%

1.47 (0.96–2.26)

1.52 (0.90–2.57)

Acres of land owned

 

P = 0.50

P = 0.56

 

P = 0.58

P = 0.90

None

17/142 = 12.0%

1

1

11/96 = 11.5%

1

1

≤ 1

50/282 = 17.7%

1.48 (0.89–2.47)

1.47 (0.86–2.52)

27/157 = 17.2%

1.50 (0.78–2.88)

1.03 (0.54–1.98)

1–5

76/484 = 15.7%

1.31 (0.80–2.14)

1.30 (0.78–2.18)

64/370 = 17.3%

1.51 (0.83–2.75)

1.17 (0.65–2.09)

≥ 5

40/242 = 16.5%

1.38 (0.81–2.34)

1.24 (0.72–2.14)

51/322 = 15.8%

1.38 (0.75–2.54)

1.07 (0.59–1.93)

Tobacco use

 

P = 0.54

P = 0.49

 

P = 0.22

P = 0.70

No

185/1208 = 15.3%

1

1

120/783 = 15.3%

1

1

Yes

7/37 = 18.9%

1.24 (0.63–2.44)

0.78 (0.39–1.57)

42/224 = 18.8%

1.22 (0.89–1.68)

0.94 (0.67–1.31)

Alcohol use c

 

P = 0.70

P = 0.33

 

P < 0.0001

P = 0.02

None

148/986 = 15.0%

1

1

59/527 = 11.2%

1

1

0–10

34/196 = 17.4%

1.16 (0.82–1.62)

0.92 (0.66–1.28)

38/236 = 16.1%

1.44 (0.99–2.10)

1.17 (0.79–1.71)

≥10

10/62 = 16.1%

1.07 (0.60–1.93)

0.58(0.28–1.21)

64/242 = 26.5%

2.36 (1.72–3.25)

1.60 (1.13–2.26)

HIV

 

P = 0.005

P = 0.24

 

P = 0.10

P = 0.02

Negative

183/1107 = 16.5%

1

1

154/923 = 16.7%

1

1

Positive

9/138 = 6.5%

0.39 (0.21–0.75)

0.69 (0.37–1.28)

8/84 = 9.5%

0.57 (0.29–1.12)

0.39 (0.17–0.87)

RPG d

 

P < 0.0001

P = 0.02

 

P = 0.0002

P = 0.75

< 7

160/1101 = 14.5%

1

1

135/895 = 15.1%

1

1

7 – 11

23/126 = 18.3%

1.26 (0.84–1.87)

1.02 (0.68–1.52)

24/103 = 23.3%

1.54 (1.05–2.27)

1.17 (0.78–1.76)

≥ 11.1

8/14 = 57.1%

3.93 (2.44–6.33)

2.44 (1.32–4.51)

3/5 = 60.0%

3.98 (1.91–8.28)

1.10 (0.58–2.09)

Family history

 

P = 0.11

P = 0.11

 

P = 0.002

P = 0.007

No

139/962 = 14.5%

1

1

114/798 = 14.3%

1

1

Yes

46/248 = 18.6%

1.28 (0.95–1.74)

1.26 (0.95–1.69)

42/180 = 23.3%

1.63 (1.19–2.24)

1.51 (1.12–2.04)

  1. a1067 women and 839 men included in the multivariate regression model.
  2. bEach factor is adjusted for all other factors in the table.
  3. cDrinks of alcohol consumed per month.
  4. dRPG – Random plasma glucose in mmol/L.