From: Epidemiology and awareness of hypertension in a rural Ugandan community: a cross-sectional study
 | Women (N = 1245a) | Men (N = 1007a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Proportion with hypertension (%) | Unadjusted prevalence ratio | Adjustedbprevalence ratio | Proportion with hypertension | Unadjusted prevalence ratio | Adjustedbprevalence ratio |
PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | (%) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | ||
Age (years) |  | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 |  | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 |
18–29 | 16/478 = 3.4% | 1 | 1 | 29/326 = 6.5% | 1 | 1 |
30–44 | 58/415 = 14.0% | 4.18 (2.44–7.15) | 3.93 (2.15–7.18) | 50/315 = 15.9% | 2.45 (1.59–3.79) | 2.13 (1.10–4.11) |
45–59 | 48/194 = 24.7% | 7.39 (4.30–12.70) | 6.20 (3.33–11.55) | 44/151 = 29.1% | 4.50 (2.92–6.93) | 3.94 (2.05–7.56) |
≥60 | 70/158 = 44.3% | 13.24 (7.93–22.10) | 12.30 (6.59–22.96) | 39/93 = 41.9% | 6.48 (4.23–9.92) | 6.00 (3.10–11.58) |
Marital Status |  | P = 0.006 | P = 0.35 |  | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.94 |
Single | 14/172 = 8.1% | 1 | 1 | 23/300 = 7.7% | 1 | 1 |
Married (ever) | 171/1009 = 16.9% | 2.08 (1.24–3.50) | 0.79 (0.48–1.30) | 132/618 = 21.4% | 2.79 (1.83–4.24) | 1.03 (0.53–2.01) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) |  | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 |  | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.0004 |
< 25 | 105/892 = 11.8% | 1 | 1 | 130/923 = 14.1% | 1 | 1 |
25–30 | 48/243 = 19.7% | 1.68 (1.23–2.29) | 1.75 (1.28–2.40) | 24/68 = 35.3% | 2.51 (1.75–3.59) | 2.12 (1.45–3.11) |
>30 | 39/110 = 35.5% | 3.01 (2.21–4.1) | 2.72 (1.94–3.83) | 7/15 = 46.7% | 3.31 (1.89–5.83) | 1.64 (0.84–3.22) |
Occupation |  | P = 0.99 | P = 0.36 |  | P = 0.06 | P = 0.92 |
Unemployed | 24/158 = 15.2% | 1 | 1 | 20/176 = 11.4% | 1 | 1 |
Manual | 157/1014 = 15.5% | 1.02 (0.69–1.51) | 0.79 (0.53–1.18) | 125/758 = 16.5% | 1.45 (0.93–2.26) | 1.06 (0.67–1.69) |
Sedentary | 11/73 = 15.1 | 0.99 (0.51–1.92) | 1.09 (0.57–2.10) | 17/73 = 23.3% | 2.05 (1.14–3.68) | 1.16 (0.57–2.35) |
Education |  | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.61 |  | P = 0.05 | P = 0.43 |
No school | 80/310 = 25.8% | 2.05 (1.55–2.70) | 1.19 (0.88–1.62) | 19/94 = 20.2% | 1.25 (0.80–1.95) | 1.15 (0.73–1.80) |
Primary | 82/651 = 12.6% | 1 | 1 | 86/532 = 16.2% | 1 | 1 |
Secondary | 23/222 = 10.4% | 0.82 (0.53–1.27) | 1.22 (0.77–1.94) | 37/297 = 12.5% | 0.77 (0.54–1.10) | 1.03 (0.70–1.50) |
Tertiary and beyond | 7/62 = 11.3% | 0.90 (0.43–1.85) | 1.00 (0.44–2.28) | 20/84 = 23.8% | 1.47 (0.96–2.26) | 1.52 (0.90–2.57) |
Acres of land owned |  | P = 0.50 | P = 0.56 |  | P = 0.58 | P = 0.90 |
None | 17/142 = 12.0% | 1 | 1 | 11/96 = 11.5% | 1 | 1 |
≤ 1 | 50/282 = 17.7% | 1.48 (0.89–2.47) | 1.47 (0.86–2.52) | 27/157 = 17.2% | 1.50 (0.78–2.88) | 1.03 (0.54–1.98) |
1–5 | 76/484 = 15.7% | 1.31 (0.80–2.14) | 1.30 (0.78–2.18) | 64/370 = 17.3% | 1.51 (0.83–2.75) | 1.17 (0.65–2.09) |
≥ 5 | 40/242 = 16.5% | 1.38 (0.81–2.34) | 1.24 (0.72–2.14) | 51/322 = 15.8% | 1.38 (0.75–2.54) | 1.07 (0.59–1.93) |
Tobacco use |  | P = 0.54 | P = 0.49 |  | P = 0.22 | P = 0.70 |
No | 185/1208 = 15.3% | 1 | 1 | 120/783 = 15.3% | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 7/37 = 18.9% | 1.24 (0.63–2.44) | 0.78 (0.39–1.57) | 42/224 = 18.8% | 1.22 (0.89–1.68) | 0.94 (0.67–1.31) |
Alcohol use c |  | P = 0.70 | P = 0.33 |  | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.02 |
None | 148/986 = 15.0% | 1 | 1 | 59/527 = 11.2% | 1 | 1 |
0–10 | 34/196 = 17.4% | 1.16 (0.82–1.62) | 0.92 (0.66–1.28) | 38/236 = 16.1% | 1.44 (0.99–2.10) | 1.17 (0.79–1.71) |
≥10 | 10/62 = 16.1% | 1.07 (0.60–1.93) | 0.58(0.28–1.21) | 64/242 = 26.5% | 2.36 (1.72–3.25) | 1.60 (1.13–2.26) |
HIV |  | P = 0.005 | P = 0.24 |  | P = 0.10 | P = 0.02 |
Negative | 183/1107 = 16.5% | 1 | 1 | 154/923 = 16.7% | 1 | 1 |
Positive | 9/138 = 6.5% | 0.39 (0.21–0.75) | 0.69 (0.37–1.28) | 8/84 = 9.5% | 0.57 (0.29–1.12) | 0.39 (0.17–0.87) |
RPG d |  | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.02 |  | P = 0.0002 | P = 0.75 |
< 7 | 160/1101 = 14.5% | 1 | 1 | 135/895 = 15.1% | 1 | 1 |
7 – 11 | 23/126 = 18.3% | 1.26 (0.84–1.87) | 1.02 (0.68–1.52) | 24/103 = 23.3% | 1.54 (1.05–2.27) | 1.17 (0.78–1.76) |
≥ 11.1 | 8/14 = 57.1% | 3.93 (2.44–6.33) | 2.44 (1.32–4.51) | 3/5 = 60.0% | 3.98 (1.91–8.28) | 1.10 (0.58–2.09) |
Family history |  | P = 0.11 | P = 0.11 |  | P = 0.002 | P = 0.007 |
No | 139/962 = 14.5% | 1 | 1 | 114/798 = 14.3% | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 46/248 = 18.6% | 1.28 (0.95–1.74) | 1.26 (0.95–1.69) | 42/180 = 23.3% | 1.63 (1.19–2.24) | 1.51 (1.12–2.04) |