Contributions of major smoking-related diseases to reduction in life expectancy associated with smoking in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Sex- and area-specific decomposition results of the difference in gained life expectancy (years) estimated by elimination of major smoking-associated diseases

Cause of death	Gains in LE by eliminating a cause of death for non-smokers (1)	Gains in LE by eliminating a cause of death for smokers (2)	Difference (3)=(2)-(1) or (4) + (5)	First term in equation 2 (4)*	Second term in equation 2 (5)^Ŧ
Urban men
Neoplasm	2.41	3.15	0.74	-0.45	1.19
Vascular disease	4.29	3.48	-0.81	-1.19	0.38
Respiratory disease	1.49	1.99	0.51	-0.40	0.91
Rural men
Neoplasm	2.78	3.10	0.33	-0.51	0.84
Vascular disease	2.99	2.43	-0.56	-0.86	0.31
Respiratory disease	2.37	2.86	0.49	-0.55	1.04
Urban women
Neoplasm	1.92	2.54	0.63	-0.28	0.90
Vascular disease	4.12	3.76	-0.36	-0.82	0.47
Respiratory disease	1.57	2.37	0.80	-0.26	1.06
Rural women
Neoplasm	2.07	2.32	0.25	-0.39	0.64
Vascular disease	2.89	2.60	-0.29	-0.71	0.42
Respiratory disease	2.59	4.09	1.50	-0.33	1.83

*Changed significance of a smoking-associated cause of death that is estimated by changes in other causes of death in smokers and non-smokers.
^ŦLife expectancy disparity between smokers and non-smokers that was attributable to a particular smoking-associated cause of death.

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