No cardiovascular disease | Cardiovascular disease | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Born in Iraq | Born in Sweden | P | Born in Iraq | Born in Sweden | P |
N = 1,311 | N = 698 | N = 54 | N = 41 | |||
Age, years | 45.8 (9.4) | 49.2 (11.1) | <0.001 | 57.1 (8.8) | 56.3 (10.8) | 0.683 |
Male sex, n (%) | 757 (57.7) | 370 (53.0) | 0.042 | 44 (81.5) | 19 (46.3) | 0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m 2 | 29.3 (4.5) | 27.2 (4.7) | 0.001 | 29.5 (3.9) | 27.9 (4.6) | 0.129 |
Waist-to-hip ratio for men | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.366 |
Waist-to-hip ratio for women | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.1) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.093 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg a | 128.6 (16.6) | 135.6 (19.5) | <0.001 | 134.9 (17.7) | 137.3 (24.5) | 0.249 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg a | 77.8 (10.3) | 81.3 (11.3) | <0.001 | 79.2 (11.3) | 80.0 (13.4) | 0.182 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L b | 5.9 (1.4) | 5.7 (1.2) | 0.054 | 7.3 (2.7) | 5.7 (0.8) | 0.839 |
C-peptide, nmol/L | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.3) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.583 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L c | 4.9 (1.0) | 5.2 (1.0) | <0.001 | 4.4 (1.1) | 4.9 (1.2) | 0.226 |
p-low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L c | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.9) | 0.019 | 2.7 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.715 |
p-high-density lipoprotein, mmol/L c | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.5) | 0.032 |
p-triglycerides, mmol/L c | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.3 (0.8) | <0.001 | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.033 |
Education level lower than high school exam, n (%) | 366 (28.1) | 125 (17.9) | <0.001 | 10 (18.9) | 15 (36.6) | 0.135 |
INTERHEART risk factors [2] | ||||||
Type 2 diabetes, n (%) d | 88 (6.7) | 23 (3.3) | <0.001 | 26 (48.1) | 2 (4.9) | 0.001 |
History of hypertension, n (%) e | 146 (11.2) | 98 (14.0) | 0.465 | 25 (46.3) | 19 (46.3) | 0.623 |
Elevated p-LDL/p-HDL ratio b , n (%) f | 280 (22.7) | 102 (15.8) | 0.002 | 9 (18.4) | 3 (7.7) | 0.385 |
Abdominal obesity, n (%) g | 783 (60.1) | 222 (32.1) | <0.001 | 36 (67.9) | 16 (39.0) | 0.006 |
Physical activity <4 hours/week, n (%) | 1004 (84.9) | 327 (52.1) | <0.001 | 35 (85.4) | 21 (65.6) | 0.058 |
Intake of fruit/vegetables < once daily, n (%) | 676 (52.5) | 343 (49.2) | 0.703 | 25 (47.2) | 23 (56.1) | 0.201 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 229 (18.7) | 575 (83.5) | <0.001 | 17 (40.5) | 26 (66.7) | 0.006 |
Tobacco smoking, n (%) h | 310 (23.9) | 172 (24.7) | 0.307 | 17 (32.7) | 18 (43.9) | 0.087 |
Depression, n (%) i | 194 (16.1) | 15 (2.5) | <0.001 | 5 (11.9) | 3 (10.7) | 0.981 |
Stress, n (%) k | 492 (37.8) | 138 (19.8) | <0.001 | 20 (38.5) | 16 (39.0) | 0.839 |
Economic difficulties > once last year, n (%) l | 675 (52.2) | 104 (14.9) | <0.001 | 26 (49.1) | 10 (24.4) | 0.030 |
Life events >1, n (%) m | 886 (67.6) | 605 (86.7) | <0.001 | 40 (74.1) | 36 (87.8) | 0.205 |