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Table 5 Association between body image and food consumption among adolescents

From: Body image and eating patterns among adolescents

  

Overfat desiring thinner body vs. overfat satisfied and normal-fat2

Food groups1

Frequency categories

Boys

Girls

Dairy products

   

 Milk

≥7 t/w vs. <7 t/w (ref.)

0.49 (0.19-1.29)

0.98 (0.41-2.34)

 Yogurt and cheese

≥7 t/w vs. <7 t/w (ref.)

1.39 (0.62-3.12)

1.04 (0.43-2.50)

 Dairy desserts

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

2.39 (0.92-6.18)

0.30 (0.13-0.70)**

Meat

   

 Red meat

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

0.35 (0.16-0.79)*

0.64 (0.27-1.53)

 Poultry and rabbit

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

1.93 (0.58-6.47)

0.80 (0.23-2.75)

 Sausages

≥5 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

1.61 (0.60-4.32)

1.12 (0.46-2.74)

 

2-4 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

1.57 (0.57-4.35)

0.67 (0.23-1.98)

 

≤4 t/m (ref.)

  

Fish and seafood

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

2.24 (0.84-5.99)

0.29 (0.07-1.22)

Eggs

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

0.79 (0.34-1.88)

1.29 (0.51-3.28)

Legumes

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

1.27 (0.45-3.57)

0.49 (0.13-1.76)

Cereals, grains and products

   

 Bread

≥7 t/w vs. <7 t/w (ref.)

2.99 (0.90-9.98)

1.02 (0.34-3.01)

 Breakfast cereals

≥5 t/w vs. <5 t/w (ref.)

0.56 (0.26-1.19)

1.42 (0.59-3.44)

 Biscuits

≥5 t/w vs. <5 t/w (ref.)

0.90 (0.43-1.90)

1.09 (0.48-2.45)

 Pasta and rice dishes

≥5 t/w vs. <5 t/w (ref.)

0.24 (0.08-0.76)*

2.45 (0.88-6.83)

 Pizza

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

0.62 (0.21-1.83)

1.19 (0.31-4.59)

Fruits

   

 Fresh fruits

≥2/day vs. 2/day (ref.)

1.74 (0.78-3.88)

1.90 (0.79-4.59)

 Fruit juices

≥7 t/w vs. <7 t/w (ref.)

0.62 (0.21-1.83)

1.65 (0.70-3.89)

 Canned fruits

≥2 t/w vs. <2 t/w (ref.)

1.64 (0.43-6.19)

0.76 (0.12-4.71)

Vegetables

≥2/day vs. <2/day (ref.)

1.78 (0.36-8.83)

1.23 (0.40-3.81)

Nuts

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

0.50 (0.22-1.10)

1.31 (0.50-3.40)

Potatoes and tubercles

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

1.74 (0.79-3.88)

1.36 (0.57-3.26)

Fats

   

 Olive oil

≥7 t/w vs. <7 t/w (ref.)

0.87 (0.40-1.88)

0.97 (0.42-2.25)

 Others oils and fats

≥2 t/w vs. <2 t/w (ref.)

0.41 (0.18-0.96)*

0.75 (0.32-1.80)

 High fat foods

≥5 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

0.72 (0.28-1.86)

0.49 (0.15-1.64)

 

2-4 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

1.50 (0.61-3.74)

0.76 (0.28-2.04)

 

≤4 t/m (ref.)

  

Drinks

   

 Soft drinks

≥5 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

0.43 (0.18-1.02)

1.46 (0.62-3.46)

 

2-4 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

0.52 (0.15-1.77)

0.33 (0.04-2.87)

 

≤4 t/m (ref.)

  

 Tea and coffee

≥2 t/w vs. 2 t/w (ref.)

2.14 (0.65-7.11)

0.74 (0.24-2.26)

 Alcoholic beverages

≥1 t/w vs. <1 t/w (ref.)

0.79 (0.19-3.20)

3.32 (0.44-25.29)

Sweet

   

 Sweets

≥5 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

2.64 (0.71-9.77)

1.01 (0.30-3.42)

 

2-4 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

1.36 (0.30-6.06)

1.38 (0.37-5.17)

 

≤4 t/m (ref.)

  

 Chocolates

≥5 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

0.50 (0.13-1.90)

0.09 (0.01-0.74)*

 

2-4 t/w vs. ≤4 t/m (ref.)

1.25 (0.41-3.80)

0.56(0.13-2.55)

 

≤4 t/m (ref.)

  
  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, ref. reference, t/w times/week, t/m times/month. 1According to previously defined food consumption cut-offs [29, 30]. 2Multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression analysis considering the simultaneous effect of all explanatory variables) adjusted by age, parental educational level, parental socio-economic status, breakfast habit and number of daily meals and snacks (significant differences: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). Since the prevalence of overfat girls satisfied with own body shape was only 0.5% (n = 3) this group was not considered in this analysis.
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