Nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in the Brazilian Western Amazon before and after the Interoceanic highway paving: a population-based study

Table 4 Distribution of children (%) under 5 years according to socio-demographic, birth and breastfeeding characteristics, and morbidities

	2003		2010
	(n = 200)		(n = 388)
Categorical variables	N*	%	N*	%	p-value**
*Living with biological parents*
Living with biological mother and father	139	69.5%	259	66.8%	0.501
Living with only one biological parent or neither one	61	30.5%	129	33.2%	0.501
*Delivery type*
Natural	146	86.4%	292	79.8%	0.065
C-section	23	13.6%	74	20.2%	0.065
*Birth weight*
Above 2,500 g	166	94.9%	305	90.5%	0.085
Below or equal to 2,500 g	9	5.1%	32	9.5%	0.085
*Breastfeeding at birth*
Lacking	11	5.6%	12	3.2%	0.158
Present	184	94.4%	364	96.8%	0.158
*Duration of exclusive breastfeeding †*
More than 30 days	114	64.0%	159	56.8%	0.123
Equal to or less than 30 days	64	36.0%	121	43.2%	0.123
*Diarrhoea in the last 15 days*
Lacking	131	65.5%	315	81.8%	< 0.001
Present	69	34.5%	70	18.2%	< 0.001
*Hospitalisation at least once in life*
No	159	80.7%	243	62.8%	< 0.001
Yes	38	19.3%	144	37.2%	< 0.001
*Anaemia diagnosis*
No	69	49.6%	252	72.2%	< 0.001
Yes	70	50.4%	97	27.8%	< 0.001
*Parasitosis diagnosis*
No	110	68.3%	207	62.3%	0.194
Yes	51	31.7%	125	37.7%	0.194
*Has lived in rural or riverine area before*
No	197	98.5%	363	93.6%	0.007′
Yes	3	1.5%	25	6.4%	0.007′
*Child length of time living in the urban area*
Since birth	181	90.5%	311	80.2%	0.001
After birth	19	9.5%	77	19.8%

Assis Brasil, AC, 2003 and 2010.
*Missing in some variables.
**p-values without a mark ( ): Pearson’s chi-square test; with a mark ( ' ): Fisher's exact test.
^†Excluding children that were only breastfed.

ISSN: 1471-2458