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Table 3 Distribution of children (%) under 5 years according to paternal characteristics

From: Nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in the Brazilian Western Amazon before and after the Interoceanic highway paving: a population-based study

 

2003

2010

 
 

(n = 200)

(n = 388)

 

Categorical variables

N*

%

N*

%

p-value**

Continuous variables#

 

Mean(SD)

 

Mean(SD)

 

Father’s schooling (years)

     

 Did not go to school

15

8.2%

-

-

< 0.001 '

 1 to 4 years inclusive

50

27.5%

70

20.1%

 5 to 8 years inclusive

39

21.4%

48

13.8%

More than 8 years

78

42.9%

231

66.2%

Father’s paid work in the last 30 days

   

 No

17

8.9%

81

20.9%

< 0.001

 Yes

173

91.1%

245

63.1%

Maternal marital situation

     

 Lack of a partner

26

22.2%

93

24.4%

0.627

 Presence of a partner

91

77.8%

288

75.6%

Maternal schooling(years)

     

 Did not go to school

8

6.8%

-

-

< 0.001 '

 1 to 4 years inclusive

27

23.1%

88

25.2%

 5 to 8 years inclusive

35

29.9%

88

25.2%

 More than 8 years

47

40.2%

173

49.6%

Mother’s paid work in the last 30 days

   

 No

67

59.3%

259

67.8%

0.094

 Yes

46

40.7%

123

32.2%

Maternal age #

     

 Average (years)

183

26.21 (7.64)

378

28.43 (9.33)

0.005

Maternal height #

     

 Average (cm)

187

158.5 (5.29)

350

158.8 (39.63)

0.916

Maternal BMI

     

 Below 25 kg/m2

128

73.1%

184

52.7%

< 0.001

 Equal or above 25 kg/m2

47

26.9%

165

47.3%

Maternal time of residence in the urban area

     

 Less than 1 year

-

43

11.1%

-

 Between 1 and 7 years

107

27.6%

 7 years or more

 

227

58.5%

 
  1. Assis Brasil, AC, 2003 and 2010.
  2. *Missing in some variables.
  3. **p-values without a mark ( ): Pearson’s chi-square test; with a mark ( ' ): Fisher's exact test.
  4. #Continuous variables.