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Table 6 Odds ratio for variables of interest associated with gender for those living with diabetes

From: Exploring differences in Canadian adult men and women with Diabetes management: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey

  

n

Unadjusted

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted†

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Education

6933

    
 

Post-secondary

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Less than high school

 

1.5

(1.2–1.9)*

1.0

(0.7–1.4)

 

High school

 

1.1

(0.9–1.3)

0.9

(0.7–1.2)

 

Some post-secondary

 

1.1

(0.8–1.5)

0.9

(0.6–1.3)

Income quintiles

6933

    
 

Fifth quintile (highest)

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Fourth quintile

 

1.2

(0.9–1.5)

1.2

(0.9–1.6)

 

Third quintile

 

1.9

(1.4–2.5)*

1.6

(1.2–2.2)*

 

Second quintile

 

2.1

(1.6–2.7)*

1.7

(1.2–2.3)*

 

First quintile (lowest)

 

2.7

(2.0–3.7)*

1.8

(1.3–2.6)*

Marital status

6933

    
 

Married/common-law

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Divorced, widowed, or separated

 

3.1

(2.6–3.7)*

3.5

(2.8–4.4)*

 

Never married

 

1.7

(1.3–2.2)*

1.4

(1.1–1.9)*

BMI category

6933

    
 

Normal/underweight

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Overweight

 

0.8

(0.6–0.9)*

0.9

(0.7–1.1)

 

Obese

 

1.0

(0.9–1.3)

1.1

(0.8–1.4)

Hypertension‡

4621

    
 

Does not have hypertension

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Has hypertension

 

1.5

(1.2–1.7)*

2.0

(1.4–2.8)*

Heart disease‡

4596

    
 

Does not have heart disease

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Has heart disease

 

1.0

(0.8–1.1)

0.8

(0.6–1.0)*

Anxiety disorder

6929

    
 

Does not have an anxiety disorder

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Has an anxiety disorder

 

2.5

(1.9–3.3)*

2.3

(1.7–3.2)*

Mood disorder

6916

    
 

Does not have a mood disorder

 

1.0

   
 

Has a mood disorder

 

2.7

(2.1–3.5)*

2.4

(1.8–3.1)*

Physical activity

6933

    
 

Moderately/sufficiently active

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Inactive

 

1.5

(1.3–1.8)*

1.5

(1.2–1.8)*

Smoking status

6933

    
 

Current smoker

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Former smoker

 

0.8

(0.6–1.0)*

0.8

(0.6–1.0)*

 

Never-smoked

 

2.5

(2.0–3.2)*

2.2

(1.6–3.0)*

Alcohol consumption

6933

    
 

More than 1 drink a week

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

1 drink a week or less

 

3.4

(2.7–4.2)*

3.4

(2.7–4.2)*

 

Non-drinker

 

5.0

(4.0–6.2)*

4.1

(3.2–5.4)*

Recommended fruit and vegetable consumption

6933

    
 

Not meeting recommendations

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Meeting recommendations

 

1.9

(1.8–2.0)*

2.3

(1.8–2.9)*

Activity limitation^

6901

    
 

No activity limitation

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Activity limitation

 

1.4

(1.2–1.6)

1.1

(0.9–1.3)

Working status last week

5592

    
 

Had a job, was present last week

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Had a job, was absent last week

 

1.1

(0.7–1.7)

1.1

(0.6–1.8)

 

Did not have a job last week

 

1.8

(1.5–2.2)*

1.8

(1.4–2.4)*

 

Permanently unable to find work

 

1.5

(1.1–2.0)*

1.1

(0.8–1.6)

Food avoidance

     
 

Does not avoid foods

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Avoids food with fat ||

1161

1.8

(1.3–2.5)*

2.1

(1.4–3.0)*

 

Avoids foods with high calories ||

1158

1.8

(1.3–2.3)*

2.2

(1.6–3.0)*

 

Avoids foods with cholesterol||

1755

1.1

(0.8–1.4)

1.1

(0.8–1.5)

Concerned about food choice/avoidance

     
 

Not concerned

 

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Concerned about weight ||

1762

1.3

(1.0–1.7)

1.3

(0.9–1.9)

 

Concerned about HD ||

1757

1.3

(1.0–1.7)*

1.6

(1.1–2.2)*

  1. *OR is statistically significant when 95% confidence interval does not include 1.0; ordinal logistic regression, with survey expansion weights, modeled for the effect of being female compared with male.
  2. †Covariates were age, education, income, marital status, BMI, physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, recommended fruit and vegetable consumption, and number of consultations with a medical doctor; ‡additional covariates for hypertension model included taking medications for high blood pressure and additional covariates for heart disease model included hypertension and currently taking medications for high blood pressure.
  3. ||These variables were only asked of respondents residing in Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, Alberta, British Columbia, and the North West Territories.
  4. ^Variable was derived from questions asking if the respondent had difficulty hearing, seeing, communicating, walking, climbing stairs, bending, leaning, or if they experience a long-term physical or mental condition or health problem that reduces the amount or the kind of activity.
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