Influence of neighbourhood purchasing power on breastfeeding at four months of age: a Swedish population-based cohort study

Table 3 Association between breastfeeding at four months of age and neighbourhood purchasing power, without and with adjustments for individual-level variables

	Neighbourhood-level without adjustments				Neighbourhood-level with adjustments^*
	Obs	Exp	O/E (95% CI)^†	RR^‡	Obs	Exp	O/E (95% CI)^†	RR^‡
Neighbourhood purchasing power ^§
<10	61	79.9	0.76 (0.58-0.98)	0.80	60	54.6	0.93 (0.71-1.20)	0.97
10–19.9	132	147.1	0.90 (0.76-1.06)	0.91	117	123.3	0.95 (0.79-1.14)	0.97
20–29.9	251	236.2	1.06 (0.94-1.20)	1.06	229	233.5	0.98 (0.86-1.12)	0.99
30+	70	50.8	1.38 (1.07-1.74)	1.30**	65	49.7	1.31 (1.01-1.67)	1.20**

Results expressed as observed (Obs) and expected (Exp) numbers of mothers not breastfeeding at four months of age, obtained from multi-level analyses, without and with adjustment for individual-level variables.
^*By stratification of maternal age (≤20, 21+), maternal smoking (no, yes) and parental education (both parents with post-secondary education;
one parent with this educational level; or none).
^†Obs/Exp, with 95% confidence interval.
^‡Relative risk of discontinuing of breast-feeding at four months of age estimated from a multi-level analysis; **indicates an elevated RR with posterior probability, Pr (RR > 1│data), of >95%.
^§Proportion (%) of families with low neighbourhood household purchasing power (according to Swedish standards; < USD 19 500 household purchasing power) among all resident families with at least one child (up to 19 years old) in a neighbourhood area (parish). Neighbourhood household purchasing power was defined as total family disposable income adjusted for the composition of the family (number of adults and children).

ISSN: 1471-2458