|
Variable
|
Women non-exposed to SHS (N = 2433)
|
Women exposed to SHS (N = 798)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Maternal characteristics
| | | |
|
Maternal age (year)
|
29.53 ± 6.2
|
28.86 ± 6.1
|
0.008
|
|
Parity
|
3.01 ± 2.2
|
2.78 ± 2.1
|
0.008*
|
|
Primipara
|
795 (31.8%)
|
344 (41.4%)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Gestation age at booking (week)
|
21.8 ± 8.8
|
22.2 ± 5.3
|
0.34
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
29.45 ± 5.96
|
29.7 ± 6.04
|
0.23
|
|
GDM
|
354 (14.5%)
|
114 (14.3%)
|
0.85
|
|
Pre-existing diabetes:
| | | |
|
Type I
|
9 (0.37%)
|
6 (0.75%)
|
0.20
|
|
Type II
|
7 (0.28%)
|
5 (0.72%)
|
0 .20
|
|
Pregnancy induced hypertension
|
29 (1.2%)
|
11 (1.4%)
|
0.68
|
|
Preeclampsia
|
17 (0.7%)
|
5 (0.62%)
|
0.83
|
|
Infant characteristics
| | | |
|
Male, n (%)
|
1303 (53.6%)
|
412 (51.7%)
|
0.36
|
|
Gestational age (week)
|
39.12 ± 1.19
|
39.12 ± 1.195
|
0.85
|
|
Birth weight (kg)
|
3.2 ± 0.45
|
3.15 ± 0.46
|
0.012*
|
|
Birth length (cm)
|
49.89 ± 2.16
|
49.69 ± 2.27
|
0.029
|
|
Head circumference (cm)
|
34.26 ± 1.25
|
34.13 ± 1.21
|
0.011
|
|
Macrosomia (≥ 4.0 kg)
|
113 (4.64%)
|
30 (3.75%)
|
0.29
|
|
Low birth weight (<2.5 kg)
|
111 (4.56%)
|
41 (5.14%)
|
0.5
|
- Mann–Whitney Test*.
- Data expressed as either n (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
- SHS = second-hand smoke, BMI = body mass index, GDM = gestational diabetes.
- Bold figure indicates statistical significance.
