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Table 3 Changes in the outcome variables – intention-to-treat analysis a

From: LINDA – a solution-focused low-intensity intervention aimed at improving health behaviors of young females: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Outcome variable

Intervention group (ITT) N = 1,349

Control group (CTRL) N = 1,338

Difference between groups (ITT vs. CTRL)

 

%

%

pb

Overall impact c on the target health behaviors under consideration

(n = 1,307)

(n = 1,292)

0.006

Improved

37.0

31.4

 

No change

28.1

28.7

 

Declined

34.9

39.9

 

Change in physical activity level

(n = 1,330)

(n = 1,323)

0.771

Increased

23.8

23.1

 

No change

58.8

58.5

 

Decreased

17.4

18.4

 

Change in meal regularity

   

Breakfast

(n = 1,344)

(n = 1,332)

0.440

 More regular

20.1

20.0

 

 No change

62.1

60.2

 

 More irregular

17.9

19.7

 

Lunch

(n = 1,345)

(n = 1,336)

0.730

 More regular

25.9

25.0

 

 No change

48.8

48.5

 

 More irregular

25.3

26.5

 

Dinner

(n = 1,340)

(n = 1,334)

0.629

 More regular

22.4

22.6

 

 No change

47.0

45.3

 

 More irregular

30.6

32.1

 

Change in the bedtime before school-/work-days

(n = 1,343)

(n = 1,317)

0.061

Earlier

31.7

27.7

 

No change

34.3

35.2

 

Later

34.0

37.1

 
 

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

p d

Change in BMI

(n = 1,244)

(n = 1,294)

 

All

0.55 (1.59)

0.51 (1.75)

0.769

BMI classes (before the intervention):

   

 BMI < 18.5

0.88 (1.21)

0.62 (1.30)

0.919

 BMI 18.5–24.9

0.54 (1.55)

0.49 (1.57)

0.561

 BMI 25.0–29.9

0.39 (2.08)

0.62 (2.55)

0.805

 BMI ≥ 30

0.65 (3.01)

0.23 (3.80)

0.914

  1. aAll participants in the intervention and control arm who completed the questionnaire both at the baseline and at the end of the intervention period, and were not excluded for pregnancy during the intervention period.
  2. bPearson’s Chi-square test.
  3. cNet effect (sum of changes) in the three health behaviors under choice: physical activity, meal regularity and bedtime before school- or work-days.
  4. dMann–Whitney test. CTRL = control, IQR = interquartile range.